Ошибка invalid syntax в python на else

I’m having this error:

File "zzz.py", line 70
    else:
       ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

The line which causes the problem is marked with a comment in the code:

def FileParse(self, table_file):
    vars={}
    tf = open(table_file, 'r')
    for line in tf:
        if line.startswith("#") or line.strip() == "": pass
        elif line.startswith("n_states:"):
            self.n_states = str(line[9:].strip())
        elif line.startswith("neighborhood:"):
            self.neighborhood = str(line[13:].strip())
        elif line.startswith("symmetries:"):
            self.symmetries = str(line[11:].strip())
        elif line.startswith("var "):
            line = line[4:]
            ent = line.replace('=',' ').
            replace('{',' ').
            replace(',',' ').
            replace(':',' ').
            replace('}',' ').
            replace('n','').split()
            vars[ent[0]] = []
            for e in ent[1:]:
                if e in vars: vars[ent[0]] += vars[e]
                else: 
                    vars[ent[0].append(int(e))]     
        else:
            rule = line.strip().split(",")
            for k in vars.keys():
                if k in rule:
                    for i in vars[k]:
                        change = rule.replace(k, i)
                        change = [int(x) for x in change]
                        w.rules.append(Rule(change[:5],change[5])

                else: # line which causes the problem

                    rule = [int(x) for x in rule]
                    w.rules.append(Rule(rule[:5],rule[5]))                  
    tf.close()
    self.parse_status "OK"
    return w.rules

w.rules is variable which is assigned to «World» class.

To be honest I have no idea why I get this. Before everything was fine and now that error shows up after adding some extra instructions in other indented blocks.

Any ideas?

Пролистайте в самый низ. Простите, что так много кода, я просто не понимаю где ошибка? Возле проблемного else я написал «Тут ошибка»

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from playsound import playsound
import pyowm
import os
import pyttsx3
import subprocess
import time
import datetime
import random
import webbrowser
import speech_recognition as sr
from datetime import date
speak_engine = pyttsx3.init()

def speak(what):
	print(what)
	speak_engine.say( what )
	speak_engine.runAndWait()
	speak_engine.stop()

now = datetime.datetime.now()

file = open('names.txt', 'r')
string = file.read()
file.close()

file2 = open('password.txt', 'r')
string2 = file2.read()
file2.close()

if float(now.hour) > 16:
	speak("Добрый вечер, " + str(string))

else:
	speak("Добрый день, создатель" + (string))
speak("Говорите")

puti = {"командная строка": "C:/Users/Andrew/AppData/Roaming/Microsoft/Windows/Start Menu/Programs/System Tools/Командная строка.lnk",
	"иллюстратор": "D:/adobe Illustrator/Adobe Illustrator 2020/Support Files/Contents/Windows/Illustrator.exe", 
	"firefox": "C:/Program Files/Mozilla Firefox/firefox.exe", 
	"калькулятор": "C:/Windows/System32/calc.exe", 
	"total commander": "C:/Program Files (x86)/Total Commander/Totalcmd.exe", 
	"блокнот": "C:/Windows/System32/notepad.exe", 
	"редактор кода": "D:/Sublime Text 3/sublime_text.exe",
}

razgovori = {"хорошо": "Ага", "как тебя зовут": "Меня зовут Алиас", "как дела": "Нормально, я бы сказал даже хорошо", "привет": "Привет", "спасибо": "Пожалуйста", "смешно": "Согласен", "сколько тебе лет": "Дерево не тонет, рукописи не горят, технологии не стареют.", "у тебя есть девушка": "У меня запутаные отношения с командной строкой. Иногда, она не может найти мою директорию.", "у тебя есть жена": "У меня запутаные отношения с командной строкой. Иногда, она не может найти мою директорию.", "где ты живёшь": "Диск C, папка Users, папка Desktop, папка Andrew, папка Python, файл test.py. Приходите, может чайку попьем", "что ты думаешь о windows": "Типичная недо система. Мне больше нравится Linux", "ты знаешь что ты не можешь жить в линуксе": "Да, я это знаю... И меня очень растраивает этот факт : ("}
mat = {"ты тупой": "Вовсе нет, просто, незабывайте что я программа", "ты глупый": "Вовсе нет, просто, незабывайте что я программа", "я не хочу тебя слышать": "Простите меня, если вы больше не хотите разговаривать - скажите отключись"}
all_names_variants = ["измени моё имя", "поменяй моё имя", "измени имя", "поменяй имя"]
weather = ["погода", "какая погода", "покажи погоду", "тепмература", "какая температура", "покажи температуру"]
place = ["где я", "где я нахожусь", "покажи где я", "моё место местоположение", "покажи моё место местоположение", "покажи где я нахожусь"]
what_day = ["дата", "скажи дату", "скажи текущую дату", "какое число", "скажи число", "скажи текущее число"]
what_time = ["время", "час", "скажи время", "скажи час", "который час", "сколько времени"]
marsh = ["проложи маршрут", "сделай маршрут", "маршрут", "покажи маршрут"]
all_open_variants = ["открой", "запусти"]
music = ["включи музыку", "воспроизведи музыку", "запусти музыку"]

def shto():
	try:
		a = sr.Recognizer()
		with sr.Microphone(device_index=1) as source:
			audio = a.listen(source)
		query = a.recognize_google(audio, language="ru-RU")
		print(query.lower())

		if query.lower() == "поменяй пароль":
			file2 = open('password.txt', 'r')
			string2 = file2.read()
			file2.close()

			if string2 == "tutnetparrrrrrola":
				speak("У вас не установлен пароль")
				speak("Установите пароль")
				password()
		
		if query.lower() in weather:
			#city = input("Какой город?   ")
			speak("В каком городе вы хотите узнать погоду?   ")

			a = sr.Recognizer()
			with sr.Microphone(device_index=1) as source:
				audio = a.listen(source)
			city = a.recognize_google(audio, language="ru-RU")


			owm = pyowm.OWM('f5cb5ced678daf785ff5c62c5cba912c', language = "RU")
			observation = owm.weather_at_place(city)
			w = observation.get_weather()
			temperature = w.get_temperature('celsius')['temp']

			m = w.get_detailed_status()

			speak("В городе " + city + " сейчас температура:  " + str(temperature) + " по Цельсию")
			speak("Также в указанном городе " + m)
			shto()

		if query.lower() in music:
			print("Введите путь к музыке(например: C:/User/Andrew...) после чего   ")
			chooice_music = input("Введите путь к музыке(например: C:/User/Andrew...) после чего нажмите Ctrl + c   ")
			playsound(chooice_music)
			shto()

		if query.lower() in place:
			webbrowser.open_new_tab("https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=" + "моё местоположение")
			shto()

		if query.lower() in what_day:
			today = date.today()
			speak("Текущая дата: ")
			print(today)
			shto()

		if query.lower() in all_names_variants:
			input_new_name = input("Введите новое имя:   ")

			handle = open("names.txt", "w")
			handle.write(input_new_name)
			handle.close()

			speak("Имя изменено")
			shto()

		if query.lower() in puti:
			subprocess.call(puti[query.lower()])
			speak("Запустил")
			shto()

		if query.lower() in razgovori:
			speak(razgovori[query.lower()])
			shto()

		if query.lower() in mat:
			speak(mat[query.lower()])
			shto()

		if query.lower() == "выключи компьютер":
			speak("Выключаю...")
			os.system("shutdown /p")

		if query.lower() == "перезагрузи компьютер":
			speak("Перезагружаю...")
			os.system("shutdown /r")

		if query.lower() in what_time:
			speak("Сейчас " + str(now.hour) + ":" + str(now.minute))
			shto()

		if query.lower() == "выключись":
			speak("Хорошо, отключаюсь, всего доброго!")

		if query.lower() == "отключись":
			speak("Хорошо, отключаюсь, всего доброго!")

		if query.lower() == "пошути":
			c = random.randint(1, 4)
			if c == 1:
				speak("Семья бомжей, часто сорилась, из-за какойто мелочи.")
				shto()
			if c == 2:
					speak("-Милый ты любишь меня?")
					speak("-Конечно!")
					speak("-А умрешь за меня?")
					speak("-Здрасте! А любить тебя кто будет?!")
					shto()
			if c == 3:
					speak("Мои друзья — полицейские служили в милиции, потом в полиции, теперь их переводят в национальную гвардию... Чувствую, на пенсию они уйдут МУШКЕТЕРАМИ.")
					shto()
			if c == 4:
					speak("Если в школах есть уроки труда, то должны быть и уроки отдыха.")
					shto()
		if query.lower() == "расскажи три закона робототехники":
				speak("1. Робот не может причинить вред человеку или своим бездействием допустить, чтобы человеку был причинён вред.")
				speak("2. Робот должен повиноваться всем приказам, которые даёт человек, кроме тех случаев, когда эти приказы противоречат Первому Закону.")
				speak("3. Робот должен заботиться о своей безопасности в той мере, в которой это не противоречит Первому или Второму Законам.")
				shto()

		if query.lower() == "поиск":
			print("Введите поисковой запрос:	")
			a = sr.Recognizer()
			with sr.Microphone(device_index=1) as source:
				audio = a.listen(source)
			search_google = a.recognize_google(audio, language="ru-RU")
			print(search_google.lower())

			webbrowser.open_new_tab("https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=" + search_google)
			shto()
			if search_google == "отмена":
				shto()

		if query.lower() == "как меня зовут":
			file = open('names.txt', 'r')
			string = file.read()
			file.close()

			if string == "none":
				new_name = input("Введите имя:   ")
				new_new_name = ("Вас зовут " + str(new_name))
				speak(new_new_name)

				handle = open("names.txt", "w")
				handle.write(new_name)
				handle.close()
				shto()

			else:
				file = open('names.txt', 'r')
				string = file.read()
				file.close()

				speak("Вас зовут " + string)
				shto()

		if query.lower() in marsh:
			speak("Введите начальную точку:   ")

			aa = sr.Recognizer()
			with sr.Microphone(device_index=1) as source:
				audio = aa.listen(source)
			point_a = aa.recognize_google(audio, language="ru-RU")
			print(point_a.lower())

			speak("Введите конечную точку:   ")

			aaa = sr.Recognizer()
			with sr.Microphone(device_index=1) as source:
				audio = aaa.listen(source)
			point_b = aaa.recognize_google(audio, language="ru-RU")
			print(point_b.lower())

			webbrowser.open_new_tab('https://www.google.com.ua/maps/dir/' + point_a + '/' + point_b)
			shto()

		def password():

			first_password = input("Введите пароль:  ")
			second_password = input("Повторите пароль:  ")
			if first_password == second_password:
				speak("Пароль установлен")

				file = open('password.txt', 'w')
				string = file.write(second_password)
				file.close()

				shto()
			else:
				speak("Пароли несовпадают!")
				password()

		else:           Тут ошибка
			speak("Команда не распознана!")
			shto()

	except:
		shto()

if string2 == "tutnetparrrrrrola":
	shto()
else:
	input("Введите пароль:  ")
shto()

You can combine the else statement with the elif and if statements in Python. But when running if...elif...else statements in your code, you might get an error named SyntaxError: invalid syntax in Python.

It mainly occurs when there is a wrong indentation in the code. This tutorial will teach you to fix SyntaxError: invalid syntax in Python.

Fix the else & elif Statements SyntaxError in Python

Indentation is the leading whitespace (spaces and tabs) in a code line in Python. Unlike other programming languages, indentation is very important in Python.

Python uses indentation to represent a block of code. When the indentation is not done properly, it will give you an error.

Let us see an example of else and elif statements.

Code Example:

num=25
guess=int(input("Guess the number:"))
if guess == num:
    print("correct")
    elif guess < num:
        print("The number is greater.")
else:
    print("The number is smaller.")

Error Output:

  File "c:Usersrhntmmyscript.py", line 5
    elif guess < num:
    ^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

The above example raises an exception, SyntaxError, because the indentation is not followed correctly in line 5. You must use the else code block after the if code block.

The elif statement needs to be in line with the if statement, as shown below.

Code Example:

num=25
guess=int(input("Guess the number:"))
if guess == num:
    print("correct")
elif guess < num:
    print("The number is greater.")
else:
    print("The number is smaller.")

Output:

Guess the number:20
The number is greater.

Now, the code runs successfully.

The indentation is essential in Python for structuring the code block of a statement. The number of spaces in a group of statements must be equal to indicate a block of code.

The default indentation is 4 spaces in Python. It is up to you, but at least one space has to be used.

If there is a wrong indentation in the code, you will get an IndentationError in Python. You can fix it by correcting the indent in your code.

The if Statement and Conditionals

if in Python means: only run the rest of this code once, if the condition evaluates to True. Don’t run the rest of the code at all if it’s not.

Anatomy of an if statement: Start with the if keyword, followed by a boolean value, an expression that evaluates to True, or a value with “Truthiness”. Add a colon :, a new line, and write the code that will run if the statement is True under a level of indentation.

Remember, just like with functions, we know that code is associated with an if statement by it’s level of indentation. All the lines indented under the if statement will run if it evaluates to True.

>>> if 3 < 5:
...     print("Hello, World!")
...
Hello, World!

Remember, your if statements only run if the expression in them evaluates to True and just like with functions, you’ll need to enter an extra space in the REPL to run it.

Using not With if Statements

If you only want your code to run if the expression is False, use the not keyword.

>>> b = False
>>> if not b:
...     print("Negation in action!")
...
Negation in action!

if Statements and Truthiness

if statements also work with items that have a “truthiness” to them.

For example:

• The number 0 is False-y, any other number (including negatives) is Truth-y
• An empty list, set, tuple or dict is False-y
• Any of those structures with items in it is Truth-y

>>> message = "Hi there."

>>> a = 0
>>> if a:   # 0 is False-y
...     print(message)
...

>>> b = -1
>>> if b:  # -1 is Truth-y
...     print(message)
...
Hi there.

>>> c = []
>>> if c:  # Empty list is False-y
...     print(message)
...

>>> d = [1, 2, 3]
>>> if d:  # List with items is Truth-y
...     print(message)
...
Hi there.

if Statements and Functions

You can easily declare if statements in your functions, you just need to mindful of the level of indentation. Notice how the code belonging to the if statement is indented at two levels.

>>> def modify_name(name):
...    if len(name) < 5:
...         return name.upper()
...    else:
...         return name.lower()
...
>>> name = "Nina"
>>> modify_name(name)
'NINA'

Nested if Statements

Using the same technique, you can also nest your if statements.

>>> def num_info(num):
...    if num > 0:
...        print("Greater than zero")
...        if num > 10:
...            print("Also greater than 10.")
...
>>> num_info(1)
Greater than zero
>>> num_info(15)
Greater than zero
Also greater than 10.

How Not To Use if Statements

Remember, comparisons in Python evaluate to True or False. With conditional statements, we check for that value implicitly. In Python, we do not want to compare to True or False with ==.

Warning — pay attention, because the code below shows what you shouldn’t do.

# Warning: Don't do this!
>>> if (3 < 5) == True: # Warning: Don't do this!
...     print("Hello")
...
Hello

# Warning: Don't do this!
>>> if (3 < 5) is True: # Warning: Don't do this!
...     print("Hello")
...
Hello

Do this instead:

>>> if 3 < 5:
...     print("Hello")
...
Hello

If we want to explicitly check if the value is explicitly set to True or False, we can use the is keyword.

>>> a = True        # a is set to True
>>> b = [1, 2, 3]   # b is a list with items, is "truthy"
>>>
>>> if a and b:     # this is True, a is True, b is "truthy"
...     print("Hello")
...
Hello
>>> if a is True:   # we can explicitly check if a is True
...     print("Hello")
...
Hello
>>> if b is True:   # b does not contain the actual value of True.
...     print("Hello")
...
>>>

else

The else statement is what you want to run if and only if your if statement wasn’t triggered.

An else statement is part of an if statement. If your if statement ran, your else statement will never run.

>>> a = True
>>> if a:
...     print("Hello")
... else:
...     print("Goodbye")
...
Hello

And vice-versa.

>>> a = False
>>> if a:
...     print("Hello")
... else:
...     print("Goodbye")
...
Goodbye

In the REPL it must be written on the line after your last line of indented code. In Python code in a file, there can’t be any other code between the if and the else.

You’ll see SyntaxError: invalid syntax if you try to write an else statement on its own, or put extra code between the if and the else in a Python file.

>>> if a:
...     print("Hello")
...
Hello
>>> else:
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    else:
       ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

elif Means Else, If.

elif means else if. It means, if this if statement isn’t considered True, try this instead.

You can have as many elif statements in your code as you want. They get evaluated in the order that they’re declared until Python finds one that’s True. That runs the code defined in that elif, and skips the rest.

>>> a = 5
>>> if a > 10:
...     print("Greater than 10")
... elif a < 10:
...     print("Less than 10")
... elif a < 20:
...     print("Less than 20")
... else:
...     print("Dunno")
...
Less than 10