В данной статье предлагаю вам попрактиковаться в заданиях вида «найти ошибку». Эти задания помогут вам подготовиться к пунктам 18 – 22 централизованного тестирования (ЦТ) по английскому языку.
Во-первых, стоит сказать, что в заданиях ЦТ 18 – 22 из года в год проверяется один и тот же набор правил. Зная эти правила, вам проще будет сориентироваться и найти фразу с ошибкой.
Вот эти правила:
- Возвратные местоимения (myself / himself / herself / etc) – читать правило.
- Степени сравнения имен прилагательных – читать правило.
- Лексические синонимы (lie / lay; rise / raise, borrow /lend, do / make)
- Количественные и порядковые числительные
- Притяжательный падеж – читать правило.
- Действительные и страдательные причастия (interested / intersting)
- Согласование подлежащего и сказуемого в числе. Число существительного. – читать правило.
- It / there
Обратите внимание, все правила пронумерованы, нумерация будет использована при объяснении ответов.
А теперь давайте перейдем к заданиям.
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте предложение. Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
- Las Vegas is in the middle of the desert (1) in Nevada, USA, but each year (2) over two millions couples (3) choose to get married (4)
- In a team (1) it is best (2) to be aware of (3) one’s another strengths (4) and weaknesses.
- It is (1) generally accepted that kids between ten and thirteen (2) are capable of (3) taking care of theirselves (4).
- Online news are frequently criticized (1) for being unreliable (2) and based on (3) very little evidence (4).
- On family holidays (1) we always used to go (2) to the same campsites (3) and laid on the same beach (4).
- Although (1) some student accommodation (2) offers good value for money it is (3) much more cheaper (4) for students to live with their parents
- Most people agree that talking loudly (1) about bored business (2) or family problems on a mobile phone (3) while on train or bus (4) is rude.
- We need a promise that (1) you will pay back (2) the money we borrow you (3) whether or not (4) the business is successful.
- You have to be very patient, but it’s incredible (1) to watch a turtle walk out of the sea (2) and lie her eggs (3) on the beach (4).
- When Jack first moved to London (1), some of the children (2) at school (3) used to do fun of his accent (4).
- Bees exist on every continent (1) except Antarctica (2) and there are (3) approximately twenty thousands known species (4).
- If you want to lose weight (1), eating much more smaller portions (2) of food is far less effective than (3) getting plenty of exercise (4).
- I hate going shopping (1) with Carlo because he is so choosy (2) and it takes hours (3) to find the clothes that suits him (4).
- Aristotle believed that the Earth was in the center (1) of the universe and this theory was widely held (2) until (3) the early seventeen century (4).
- There is not easy (1) to live on a tight budget (2) but that’s what (3) students have to do (4).
- In the sixteen century (1) it was thought (2) that a compass needle pointed north because of (3) some mysterious influence of the stars (4).
- And while there is still true (1) that the majority of people who (2) work as pilots (3) are men, more women are entering the field (4).
- Wikipedia, where (1) anyone can post or change an entry (2), has become a popular way (3) to make research (4).
- I certainly think that (1) being frightened (2) of someone’s else response (3) is an excuse to stay quiet (4).
- When the police is carrying out an investigation (1), it is required (2) that they examine all the evidence (3) carefully (4).
- It’s a sale on (1) at the department store (2) – you might manage to pick up a bargain (3) if you are lucky (4).
- Going to the gym (1) twice a week (2) will do a difference (3) to your fitness (4).
Ответы с указанием ошибочного фрагмента, исправлением ошибки и указанием номера правила, которое вам следует повторить.
1 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 3 — two millions couples -> two million couples (Правило 4)
2 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — one’s another strengths -> one another’s strengths (Правило 5)
3 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 – theirselves -> themselves (Правило 1)
4 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 1 — news are frequently criticized -> news is frequently criticized (Правило 7)
5 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — and laid on the same beach -> and lay on the same beach (Правило 3)
6 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — much more cheaper -> much cheaper (Правило 2)
7 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 2 — bored business -> boring business (Правило 6)
8 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 3 — the money we borrow you -> the money we lend you -> (3) (Правило 3)
9 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 3 — and lie her eggs -> and lay her eggs (Правило 3)
10 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — do fun of his accent -> make fun of his accent (Правило 3)
11 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — twenty thousands known species -> twenty thousand known species (Правило 4)
12 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 2 — much more smaller portions -> much smaller portions (Правило 2)
13 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — the clothes that suits him -> the clothes that suit him (Правило 7)
14 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — the early seventeen century -> the early seventeenth century (Правило 4)
15 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 1 — There is not easy -> It is not easy (Правило 
16 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 1 — In the sixteen century -> In the sixteenth century (Правило 4)
17 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 1 — while there is still true -> while it is still true (Правило
18 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 4 — to make research -> to do research (Правило 3)
19 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 3 — of someone’s else response -> — of someone else’s response (Правило 5)
20 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 1 — the police is carrying out an investigation -> the police are carrying out an investigation (Правило 7)
21 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 1 — It’s a sale on -> There is a sale on (Правило
22 -> Ошибка в фрагменте 3 — do a difference -> make a difference (Правило 3)
Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!
Correct mistakes if any
1. There are much cars in this street.
2. I had’t got a bike last year.
3. Sorry, I’m not understanding you!
4. Be carefull! It’s hotter than you think.
5. Kate watchs TV every day.
6. Browns’s dog is barking.
7. Do you be German?
8. I saw Jane in saturday.
9. We don’t go to school in 1st January.
10. The advices she gave us were all wrong.
11. My father is liking basketball.
12. He is a best football player in his team.
13. Between all school subjects, I like English the best.
14. This is Tom’s and Ann’s room.
15. Have you my keys?
16. There is the pencil on the table.
17. I haven’t many moneys in my wallet.
18. Kate works as the hairdresser.
19. We usually spend our holidays at our grandmother.
20. I must buy some milk for breakfast.
21. Susan is a tall.
22. I never eat chocolate.
23. Sam isn’t very tallest.
24. The Earth goes round the sun.
25. Did you be at home all day?
26. The baby is playing with it’s toy.
27. I don’t have got a cat.
28. Had you time to finish this exercise yesterday?
29. My brother don’t have a car.
30. I didn’t be in London, I was in New York.
31. They are smileing.
32. My room is bigger then yours.
33. I live in Brighton at the moment.
34. I want go abroad in next year.
35. He must to study harder.
36. Tim was wanting to buy a new computer, but his father refused to pay for it.
37. She don’t can swim.
38. Have you forgotten your pen? Don’t worry, I’ll lend you mine.
39. I have two advices for you: go to sleep early and don’t eat sweets after supper.
40. Theresa is an excellent singer, she sings beautifull.
41. Did you bought ice-cream yesterday?
42. I haven’t seen my uncle since two months.
43. Do you happy?
44. Have you to write this composition tonight?
45. She knows him for two years.
46. Had you a math test yesterday?
47. She want come, she’s ill.
48. Lucy is sitting among Elizabeth and Mary.
49. Do you can speak English?
50. Eve breaked his leg last month
Упражнение на исправление ошибок для 9 – 11 классов.
Совершенствование грамматических навыков предполагает свободное владение лексико-грамматическими формами и умение их правильного практического использования.
Correct the mistakes.
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It wasn’t snow yesterday.
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This train is always leaving at 5.
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You constantly take my things!
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He has done it before I came.
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Which of you cook borshch every day?
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When have you lost your key?
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There is no a bus stop near my house.
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Would you like any coffee?
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They danced when I came.
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He already learnt this English poem.
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You’d better to do it yourself.
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After that he asked her little questions.
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This pen is your, not my.
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That dog was more dirty than this one.
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He left Netherlands for USA.
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There were such many children in the yard.
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Let him to go home.
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You can do it by your own.
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The letter had sent yesterday.
-
She is always late to the classes.
Keys:
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It didn’t snow yesterday.
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This train always leaves at 5.
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You are constantly taking my things!
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He had done it before I came.
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Which of you cooks borshch every day?
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When did you lose your key?
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There is no bus-stop near my house.
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Would you like some coffee?
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They were dancing when I came.
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He has already learnt this English poem.
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You’d better do it yourself.
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After that he asked her few questions.
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This pen is yours, not mine.
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That dog was dirtier than that one.
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He left the Netherlands for the USA.
-
There were so many children in the yard.
-
Let him go home.
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You can do it on your own.
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The letter was sent yesterday.
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She is always late for the classes.
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- Error Correction
Что такое error correction?
Error Correction — одна из разновидностей заданий, проверяющих лексические и грамматические знания ученика. Суть задания: прочесть текст/предложение и найти в нем ошибку, если она есть. Существует довольно много вариаций Error Correction. В этой статье мы рассмотрим некоторые из них.
Поиск лишнего слова
Распространенный тип error correction — поиск лишнего слова. Такие задания входили раньше в состав FCE (в современном FCE их уже нет) и касались, в основном, грамматических ошибок. Например, в качестве лишних слов выступали артикли, предлоги, местоимения, вспомогательные глаголы и прочие «мелкие» слова.
В более сложных вариациях вставляются лишние слова, наполненные лексическим смыслом и являющиеся частями каких-нибудь хорошо известных выражений. Такие задания можно найти, например, в экзамене BEC.
Чтобы распознать лексические ошибки, нужно фокусироваться не только на отдельных комбинациях слов, но и на общем смысле. Часто делают так: берется хорошо известное слово, которое однозначно ассоциируется с каким-либо предлогом или глаголом, и вставляется в контекст, где присутствует тот самый предлог или глагол. Таким образом, создается иллюзия, что лексически все верно. Аналогично поступают и с грамматическими конструкциями. Например:
- And that word, through the refining filter of Paris, is all I need to conjure up my mother: as she licked from her lips the residue of some oozing cream cake; as if she held up to herself, like some flimsy, snatched -up dancing partner, a newly bought frock: ‘Isn’t it just divine!’
Словосочетание as if само по себе не вызывает подозрений, это распространенная грамматическая конструкция. Только при оценке общего смысла можно понять, что if в данном предложении является лишним. Именно такие приемы наиболее распространены на олимпиадах.
Найдите лишнее слово:
There are thousands of verbs in English and the most of them are regular.
Ответ
Ответом будет слово the, потому что этот артикль не используется вместе с ‘most of them’.
First task of all, you need to be sure that an event is really the best way to get your message across to customers.
Ответ
Ответом будет слово task, потому что именно оно не вписывается в предложение. В английском языке нет сочетания ‘first task of all’, есть сочетание ‘first of all’. Соответственно, слово ‘task’ является той самой ошибкой, которую нужно найти и выписать.
Customer service is included every employee’s responsibility, and it should be a proactive rather than a reactive strategy.
Ответ
Ответ: included. Слово ‘included’ здесь лишнее, поскольку существует выражение ‘to be somebody’s responsibility’. Кроме того, после included должен быть предлог, а в тексте его нет. При этом существует выражение ‘to be included’, что позволяет слову «маскироваться» и затрудняет поиск ошибки.
Другие виды ошибок
Нахождение лишнего слова — самый распространенный вид error correction, но не единственный. Помимо него есть, например, варианты, когда дается предложение с ошибкой, и нужно просто понять, есть ошибка или нет. Ошибка не обязательно будет в виде лишнего слова. Она может быть стилистической, лексической, пунктуационной, орфографической. Задания такого рода можно встретить, например, на экзамене SAT.
- Because the coach was (A) so preoccupied on (B) developing and practicing trick plays, she did not spend (C) enough time drilling (D) the fundamental skills. (E) No error
В приведенном примере ошибкой является предлог on в пункте (B) — правильным предлогом будет with. В этом задании не требуется исправлять найденную ошибку, но бывают и такие, где требуется. Это, как правило, олимпиадные задания.
Где ошибка?
Although statistical methods can rarely prove (A) causality, they can frequently refute (B) theories by demonstrating that no correlation exists (C) between particular effects (D) and their presumed causes. (E) No error
Ответ
В этом предложении ошибок нет. Правильный ответ — (E).
The project on nuclear energy that Jenna presented (A) to the science fair committee was (B) considered superior to the other students (C), and so (D) she was awarded the blue ribbon. (E) No error
Ответ
Правильный ответ — (C), поскольку слово students должно стоять в притяжательном падеже: students’.
Найти и исправить
Задания на исправление ошибок (не просто на нахождение, а именно на исправление) особенно многочисленны в олимпиадном мире и варьируются от достаточно простых до труднопроходимых.
В относительно простых заданиях текст разбивается на фрагменты (строки, предложения или абзацы), и в каждом фрагменте может находиться только одна ошибка. В более сложных вариантах никакой разбивки на фрагменты нет, и ошибкой может быть что угодно: как присутствие каких-либо слов, так и их отсутствие.
Иногда вам может быть предложено не только найти ошибки в слитном тексте, но также классифицировать их — определить, к какому типу они относятся (например, Tenses, Passive Voice, Spelling).
Если вам попадается задание, которое вы ни разу в жизни не встречали, не торопитесь нервничать: принципы поиска ошибок всегда одни и те же, независимо от особенностей формата. Нужно внимательно прочитать текст целиком, а затем идти по нему шаг за шагом и отслеживать все подозрительные моменты.
Найдите и исправьте 10 ошибок:
The drying East wind, which always had brought hard luck to Eastern Oregon at whichever season it blow, had combed down the plateau grasslands through so much of the winter that it was hard to see any sign of grass ever grown on them. Even though March has come, it still blew, drying the ground deep, shrinking the watercourses, beating back the clouds that might delivered rain, and grinding coarse dust against the fifty odd head of work horses that John brought down from his homestead to turn back into their home pasture while there was still something left of them. The two man, one past sixty and another around sixteen, shouldered the horses through the gate of the home pasture and drew up outside the yard that they had picked wrong time to come.
Ответ
The drying East wind, which always had brought hard luck to Eastern Oregon at whichever whatever season it blow blew had combed down the plateau grasslands through so much of the winter that it was hard to see any sign of grass ever having grown on them. Even though March has had come, it still blew, drying the ground deep, shrinking the watercourses, beating back the clouds that might have delivered rain, and grinding coarse dust against the fifty odd head of work horses that John had brought down from his homestead to turn back into their home pasture while there was still something left of them. The two man men, one past sixty and another the other around sixteen, shouldered the horses through the gate of the home pasture and drew up outside the yard that they had picked the wrong time to come.
Где может встретиться Error Correction?
Error Correction часто встречается на олимпиадах по английскому языку. Оно встречалось и на Всероссийской олимпиаде школьников, и в СПбГУ, и в Плехановской, и в Челябинской, и в «Высшей пробе» — проще найти олимпиады, где этот формат не встречался.
Помимо олимпиад, error correction можно найти в экзаменах SAT и BEC, а также в старых тестах FCE (в новых FCE этот формат убрали).
Как тренироваться?
Чтобы успешно справляться с error correction, нужно владеть и грамматикой, и лексикой. Кроме того, необходимо уметь внимательно читать текст и бороться с одолевающими сомнениями.
Обычно в начале тренировок допускается много ошибок (точнее, ошибки в тексте выпадают из поля зрения). Однако сделав десяток-другой упражнений, человек начинает улавливать, где обычно следует искать подвох, и может найти уже большее количество ошибок. Так что в случае с error correction нужно не только развивать знание языка, но и тренировать скилл нахождения ошибок с помощью практики.
© Екатерина Яковлева, 2016–2022
Задания составлены по материалам сборника тренировочных и проверочных заданий по английскому языку для 6-7 класса. Improve your language skills. — M.: «Интеллект-Центр», 2007. — 96 с. Автор: Хотунцева Е.А. и предназначены для учащихся 6-7 классов школ разного типа, учителей английского языка и родителей, а также могут быть использованы в процессе организации повторения и промежуточного контроля изученного материала на уроках английского языка и индивидуальных занятиях с учащимися.
Exercise 1. Cross the odd word out.
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I’ve got only much little money left, so I can’t buy that jacket.
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Was the film as more exciting as the book?
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He is travelling to Manchester by the train.
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This is the shop whose its alarm went off last night.
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Is this a your briefcase or his?
Exercise 2. Cross the odd word out.
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Could I have some an ice cubes in my drink, please?
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A brown bear is more bigger than a koala bear.
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The Rome is the capital of Italy.
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This is not my coat, mine one is hanging behind the door.
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The news are was so shocking!
Exercise 3. Cross the odd word out.
1. Give me some more little milk, please.
2; The Cooks are being looking for a new house at the moment.
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When was the last time you have visited your parents?
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You mustn’t to walk too close to the edge of the cliff.
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Tom is more, heavier than Bill.
Exercise 4. Cross out the unnecessary word.
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He is much more taller than his father.
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Did anybody man break into your house last night?
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The fog is been very thick, I can’t see anything.
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There is not much the milk left in the fridge.
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Nobody phoned yesterday. Nobody came also either.
Exercise 5. Cross out the unnecessary word.
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Becky is as much clever as Stella.
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There was no one people left at the party by 2 o’clock.
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Let me give you some an advice.
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How much the flour shall I buy?
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— I’ve got an idea! — Me also too.
Exercise 6. Cross out the unnecessary word.
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Why is are the clothes so wet?
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He has read that book last month.
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He was hungry so that he made a sandwich
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The man for whom that he works is German.
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She told to me a wonderful story.
Exercise 7. Cross out the unnecessary word.
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That’s the woman whose her house burnt down.
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May I give you a good advice? Spend more time in the open air.
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This car is not mine car. It’s Peter’s.
4. I have read this book last summer.
5. I usually go to school on the foot.
Exercise 8. Cross the odd word out.
1. They never work on at the weekend.
2. Is this dress as more beautiful as the blue one?
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The Browns are being traveling around Europe now
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Can you buy a some cat food when you go to the shops, please?
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The fog is very thick. I can’t to see anything.
Exercise 9. Cross the odd word out.
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What do you do in on Sunday afternoons?
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Today it is as more cold as yesterday.
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He is being traveling to Manchester by train now.
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Can I have a some ticket for the car park, please?
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I must to feed the dog now, it is hungry.
Exercise 10. Cross the odd word out.
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Where did Sally go on at Friday night?
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My sister Kate is as older than her friend Maria.
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You mustn’t to make that silly mistake again!
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There aren’t the any lemons, but there is some ice cream.
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I’ve got the a new mobile phone.
Exercise 11. Cross the odd word out.
1. This is a their house. They designed it themselves.
2. I couldn’t to find my bag nowhere.
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We stayed at the bad worst hotel in the whole city.
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Now 1 make fewer mistakes in English than the last year.
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It was midnight and there it were few people in the streets.
Exercise 12. Cross the odd word out.
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My parents are never go out.
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Could you pass to me this plate?
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Her hair looks better than yours hair.
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— Have you got many things? — No, just one the small bag.
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In this country February is the most coldest month of the year.
Exercise 13. Cross the odd word out.
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She didn’t say a no thing.
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Come here and look on at these photos.
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Hannah have left home three years ago.
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I’ve stopped reading newspapers. The news is are always bad.
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In 1970s, the Beatles were being the richest musicians in the world.
Exercise 14. Cross the odd word out.
1. These flowers are mine. Don’t to touch them!
2. I like to ski in winter very good much.
3. There were was a lot of interesting news on TV yesterday.
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This car isn’t as fast than as that one.
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I’ll get you a drink if you will like.
Exercise l5. Cross the odd word out.
1. I have received a letter from her an hour ago.
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Is he still at the same school yet?
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I’m sorry. I can’t talk to you now. I have had to help my mother.
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It is been raining. I think I’ll take my coat.
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If I will go to Spain, I will stay at his aunt’s.
Keys to the tests.
Exercise 1.
1. much 2. more 3. the 4. its 5. a
Exercise 2.
1. little 2. more 3. the 4. one 5. are
Exercise 3.
1. little 2. being 3. have 4. to 5. more
Exercise 4.
1. more 2. man 3. been 4. the 5. also
Exercise 5.
1. much 2. people 3. an 4. the 5. also
Exercise 6.
1. is 2. has 3. that 4. that 5. to
Exercise 7.
1. her 2. a 3. car 4. have 5. the
Exercise 8.
1. on 2. more 3. being 4. a 5. to
Exercise 9.
1. in 2. more 3. Being 4. some 5. to
Exercise 10.
1.at 2. as 3. to 4. the 5. the
Exercise 11.
1.a 2.to 3.bad 4.the 5.it
Exercise 12.
1. are 2. to 3. hair. 4. the 5. most
Exercise 13.
;
1. a 2. on 3. have 4. arc 5. being
Exercise 14.
1. to 2. good 3. Were 4.than 5. will
Exercise 15.
1. have 2. yet 3. had 4. been 5. will