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#1
Hi i don’t know the differnce between «he told her that he wuld love her forever»and «he told her he loved her for ever»
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#2
Hi. I don’t think that there is any real difference in meaning, rezvansan. Both sentences report something that he said to her earlier:
1. He says to her:»I love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he loved her forever.
2. He says to her :»I will love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he would love her forever.
Last edited: May 20, 2019
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#3
Hi. I don’t think that there is any real difference in meaning, rezvansan. Both sentences report something that he said to her earlier:
1. He says to her:»I love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he loved her forever.
2. He says to her :»I will love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he would love her forever.
Thanks a lot for your answer
elroy
Moderator: EHL, Arabic, Hebrew, German(-Spanish)
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#4
1. He says to her:»I love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he loved her forever.
This doesn’t work for me.
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#5
Hi i don’t know the differnce between {A}»he told her that he wuld love her forever»and {B}»he told her he loved her for ever»
Rez, I am not comfortable with your second, which I’ve labeled {B}.
Owl has numbered your second as 1., and your first as 2. So I mean that I disagree with Owl’s 1.
Owl:
1. He says to her:»I love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he loved her forever.
2. He says to her :»I will love you forever.» Later, I report this: He told her that he would love her forever.
—
First, who says «I love you forever»? Is it shorthand for «I will love you forever»? A non-native version of the latter?
The statement {B} he told her he loved her forever, is hard to make sense of. One way is that he means for a long period up to the present (possibly continuing). In other words, he would have said, «I have loved you forever.» This would be reported, a bit sloppily as «He told her he {had} loved her forever.»
Last edited: May 20, 2019
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#6
Last edited: May 20, 2019
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#7
It’s ‘forever’ that makes the difference because it refers to the future. The ‘will’ future is used for promises. ‘I love you forever’ sounds very strange because ‘I will love you forever’ is what a native speaker would say. In reported speech this becomes ‘He said he would love her forever’.
1 Answer
I would interpret the two sentences as follows:
- He told her that he loved only her.
He told her that there is nobody else whom he loves.
- He told her that he loved her only.
He told her that the only thing he feels for her is love.
I would actually say that 5. is ambiguous:
- He told her that he only loved her.
I could interpret this as having the same meaning as either 6. or 7.
I disagree with Joanna Weselby, as I see a distinct difference between 6. and 7.
answered Sep 5, 2018 at 6:36
Jason BassfordJason Bassford
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3
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Both 5 and 7 are ambiguous, depending on where the stress is when said. «He told her that he only loved her» means the same as «He told her that he loved only her» = same as 6. «He told her that he only loved her» means the same as «He told her that he loved her only» means that the only thing he feels for her is love.
Sep 5, 2018 at 10:18
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Actually, adding to my previous comment, you can change the meaning of 7 again with yet another stress: «He told her that he loved her only» which has the same meaning as 4. Stress on he doesn’t change the meaning for 5 though.
Sep 5, 2018 at 10:22
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@andyt The stress should be explicit in each case—it’s on only. Otherwise, you’re right.
Sep 5, 2018 at 14:44
При преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную образуется сложноподчиненное предложение с придаточным дополнительным предложением с союзом that, или без него:
He says, «School begins at eight.»
He says that school begins at eight.
He says school begins at eight.
Как и в русском языке, личные и притяжательные местоимения при замене прямой речи на косвенную изменяются или не изменяются или остаются в без изменений в зависимости от содержания.
Примеры:
She says, «I’ll work in my village». | She says that she’ll work in her village. |
She says, «They will work in their village». | She says that they will work in their village. |
Если в словах автора сказуемое выражено глаголом to say с дополнением, обозначающим лицо, к которому обращена прямая речь (это дополнение употребляется с предлогом to), то перед косвенной речью to say обычно заменяется глаголом to tell, после чего дополнение употребляется без предлога. Но если глагол to say в словах автора употреблен без дополнения, то он остается и перед косвенной речью.
Примеры:
He says to me, «I know it.» | He tells me that he knows it. |
He says, «I know it.» | He says that he knows it. |
Если в словах автора глагол-сказуемое выражает прошлое действие, то при преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную время глагола изменяется в соответствии правилам согласования времен, а именно:
а) Present Indefinite меняется на Past Indefinite:
He said, «I know it.» | He said that he knew it. |
б) Present Continuous меняется на Past Indefinite:
«I am working,» she said. | She said that she was working. |
в) Present Perfect изменяется на Past Perfect:
He said, «I have translated the text.» | He said that he had translated the text. |
г) Present Perfect Continuous изменяется на Past Perfect Continuous:
«I have been working since 8 o’lock,» she said. | She said that she had been working since 8 o’clock. |
д) Past Indefinite изменяется на Past Perfect:
He said, «I saw her there.» | He said that he had seen her there. |
е) Past Continuous изменяется на Past Perfect Continuous:
She said, «I was reading.» | She said that she had been reading. |
Но если время действия указано точно, Past Indefinite и Past Continuous остаются без изменений.
Примеры:
«I saw her in May,» he said. | He said that he saw her in May. |
She said, «We were listening to the radio at 7.» | She said that they were listening to the radio at 7. |
Past Perfect и Past Perfect Continuous остаются без изменений.
Примеры:
The pupils said, «We had finished our work by 5 o’clock.» | The pupils said they had finished their work by 5 o’clock. |
«At that time I had been working at the plant for three years,» he said. | He said that at that time he had been working at the plant for three years. |
Все формы будущего времени – Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect заменяются соответствующими формы Future in the Past.
Примеры:
He said, «I’ll go there.» | He said that he would go there. |
She said, «I’ll have read the book by Monday.» | She said that she would have read the book by Monday. |
He said, «I’ll be working this summer.» | He said that he would be working that summer. |
При преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную указательные местоимения и некоторые обстоятельства времени и места меняются так:
Прямая речь: | Косвенная речь |
this | that |
these | those |
now | then |
here | there |
today | that day |
yesterday | the day before |
the day before yesterday | two days before |
tomorrow | the next day |
the day after tomorrow | two days later |
ago | before |
next | the next |
He said that he lived in this house. | He said that he lived in that house. |
«I’ll go there tomorrow,» he said. | He said that he’d go there the next day. |
Примечание: если в прямой речи указана точная дата прошедшего события, то при преобразовании ее в косвенную Past Indefinite не изменяется.
Пример:
The boy said, «I was born in 1988» | The boy said that he was born in 1988 |
Вопросительные предложения, воспроизведенные в косвенной речи, называются косвенными вопросами (indirect questions). Косвенные вопросы имеют структуру повествовательного предложения: у них прямой порядок слов (сказуемое ставится после подлежащего), в Present и Past Indefinite вспомогательный глагол to do не употребляется.
При преобразовании вопросов из прямой речи на косвенную глагол to say в словах автора заменяется глаголом to ask или одним из его синонимов.
При преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную общий вопрос заменяется придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется к главному при помощи союзов if или whether.
Примеры:
«Do you know the boy?» I asked him. | I asked him if he knew the boy. |
«Have you a pencil?» he asked me. (Greene) | He asked me if I had a pencil. |
При воспроизведении в косвенной речью специальных вопросов вопросительные слова (местоимения и наречия) становятся союзными словами.
Примеры:
«Why didn’t you come?» He said to me. | He asked me why I hadn’t come. |
«Where have you been?» She asked him. | She asked him where he had been. |
При преобразовании в косвенную речь повелительных предложений повелительное наклонение глагола прямой речи заменяется инфинитивом. В отрицательной форме перед инфинитивом ставится частица not.
Глагол to say в словах автора заменяется глаголами to ask, to tell, to order или их синонимами.
Примеры:
«Wait a while longer,» he said to me. (Greene) | He asked me to wait a while longer. |
I said to her, «Don’t go out.» (Brand) | I asked her not to go out. |
Reported speech — косвенная речь (direct speech — прямая речь).
Примеры согласования времен:
Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. | Everybody was sure that Boris would pass the exams very well. |
При использовании косвенной речи, мы обычно говорим в прошедшем времени, например am/is → was. are → were, have/has → had, will → would, can → could, know — > knew etc.
today | → | that day (тот день) или оставить today |
tonight | → | that night |
now | → | than (затем) или оставить now |
yesterday | → | the day before |
tomorrow | → | the next day |
… ago | → | … before |
this (morning) | → | that … |
these … | → | those … |
here (здесь) | → | there (там) |
last year | → | the year before (годом ранее) |
last month | → | the month before (месяцем ранее) |
last … | → | the … before |
next year | → | the following year (в следующем году) |
next … | → | the following … |
must | → | had to |
Таблица преобразования прямой речи в косвенную | |||
---|---|---|---|
Прямая речь | Косвенная речь | ||
Present Simple | “I am tired.” “I love you.” | Past Simple | She said she was tired. He said he loved her. |
“We don’t like rock music.” | They said they didn’t like rock music. | ||
“I can swim.” | He said he could swim. | ||
Present Continuous | “I’m reading a book.” | Past Continuous | She said she was reading a book. |
“We aren’t watching TV.” | They told us they were not watching TV. | ||
Present Perfect | “I’ve passed all my exams.” | Past Perfect | Jack said he had passed all his exams. |
“I’ve never been to Rome.” | Mary said she had never been to Rome. | ||
Present Perfect Continuous | “I’ve been waiting for you for half an hour.” | Past Perfect Continuous | He told me he had been waiting for me for half an hour. |
Past Simple (остается в Past Simple или преобразовывается в Past Perfect.) | “I was born in Rome.” | Past Perfect | She mentioned she had been born in Rome. |
“I went to the cinema.” | He explained he had gone to the cinema. | ||
“We worked.” | They told us they had worked. | ||
“We didn’t know that.” | They claimed they hadn’t known that. | ||
Past Continuous | “I was sleeping at 5 o’clock.” | Past Perfect Continuous | He said he had been sleeping at 5 o’clock. |
We were having dinner.” | They told me they had been having dinner. | ||
Future Simple | “I will help you.” | Future Simple in the Past (will→would) | He told me he would help me. |
“I won’t forget.” | She said she wouldn’t forget. | ||
Future Continuous | “I’ll be waiting for you.” | Future Continuous in the Past | She said she would be waiting for us. |
Future Perfect | “I’ll have finished that then.” | Future Perfect in the Past | He promised he would have finished it then. |
Say или tell. Если в косвенной речи вы указываете кому было рассказано, нужно использовать tell, например: Tom told me (that) he didn’t like Brian. (not ‘Tom said me…’) С использованием say это предложение будет выглядеть так: Tom said (that) he didn’t like Brian. (not ‘Tom told (that) he…’)
for orders and request
Косвенная речь в приказах и просьбах (for orders and request). При передаче команды, просьбы или приказа в косвенной речи в английском языке используется инфинитив глагола с частицей «to” – «to do”, «to stand”, «to read” и т.д.
direct | ‘Don’t shout‘, I said to Jim. |
reported | I told Jim not to shout. |
direct | ‘Can you open the door for me, Tom?’, Ann asked. |
reported | Ann asked Tom to open the door for her. |
Главное предложение в косвенной речи может вводиться с помощью глагола ask, если это просьба или tell, если это приказ. И чтобы не повторять все время «he told” или «she asked”, используйте и другие слова:
Косвенная речь образуется по правилу: +that-clause
по правилу: +to-inf
по правилу: somebody+to-inf
direct | reported |
---|---|
He said to me: «Ring me up tomorrow.» | He asked (suggest) to ring me up the next day. |
При переводе вопросов из прямой речи в косвенную у вас должно получиться сложносочинённое предложение, где слова автора будут главной частью, а косвенная речь — придаточной. То, как будет выглядеть ваше новое предложение в косвенной речи, зависит от того, с какого слова начинался вопрос в прямой речи.
Вопросительные слова.
Если прямая речь начиналась со слов what, where, when, who, which, whose, why, how many, how long и т.п., то в косвенной речи убирается вопросительный знак и меняется порядок слов в предложении. Сказуемое ставится после подлежащего, т.е. новое предложение становится, по сути, повествовательным:
direct | He asked, «Where is my book?» |
reported | He asked me where his book was. |
direct | Nadia asked Annie, «What is he look like?» |
reported | Nadia asked Annie what he was look like. |
direct | We asked, «Who did this?» |
reported | We asked who had done that. |
direct | She asked, «How will you pay?» |
reported | She asked me how I would pay. |
Вспомогательные и модальные глаголы
Если же оригинальное предложение с прямой речью начиналось с глагола to have, to be, can или may, то после слов автора ставится союз «if» или «whether», который в данном случае переводится как «ли», и ни в коем случае не как «если»:
We asked, "May we expect our payment tomorrow?" We asked if (whether) we might expect our payment the next day.
He asked, "Have you been there?" He asked if I had been there.
She asked, "Are you all right?" She asked me whether I was all right.
Обратите внимание, что после этого «if» (которое переводится как «ли») можно использовать будущее время, а вот после «if», которое переводится как «если» — нельзя:
Let's ask him if he knows about it — Давай спросим, знает ли он об этом. Let's ask him if he knows about it — Давай спросим его, если он об этом знает.
Что же касается ответов в косвенной речи, то вместо слов «yes» и «no» в них используется либо положительная, либо отрицательная форма смыслового глагола:
We asked him, "Are you okay?" He answered, "Yes, I am / No, I'm not". We asked him whether he was okay. He answered he was / wasn't.
She asked, "Can you help?" I answered, "Yes, I can / No, I can't" She asked me whether I could help. I answered I could / couldn't.
He asked, "Do you know me? They answered, "Yes, we do / No, we don't". He asked whether they knew him. They answered they did / didn't.
Согласование времён – очень важная, но не самая лёгкая тема грамматики в английском языке, которая требует к себе большого количества внимания. Согласование важно, потому что в большинстве случаев говорящий пересказывает чьи-то слова, поступки или действия. А в случае такого пересказала действует особое правило «шаг назад», которое и является наибольшей проблемой для людей, изучающих английский язык.
Reported speech — косвенная речь (direct speech — прямая речь).
Примеры согласования времен:
Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. | Everybody was sure that Boris would pass the exams very well. |
При использовании косвенной речи, мы обычно говорим в прошедшем времени, например am/is → was. are → were, have/has → had, will → would, can → could, know — > knew etc.
today | → | that day (тот день) или оставить today |
tonight | → | that night |
now | → | than (затем) или оставить now |
yesterday | → | the day before |
tomorrow | → | the next day |
… ago | → | … before |
this (morning) | → | that … |
these … | → | those … |
here (здесь) | → | there (там) |
last year | → | the year before (годом ранее) |
last month | → | the month before (месяцем ранее) |
last … | → | the … before |
next year | → | the following year (в следующем году) |
next … | → | the following … |
must | → | had to |
Таблица преобразования прямой речи в косвенную | |||
---|---|---|---|
Прямая речь | Косвенная речь | ||
Present Simple | “I am tired.” “I love you.” | Past Simple | She said she was tired. He said he loved her. |
“We don’t like rock music.” | They said they didn’t like rock music. | ||
“I can swim.” | He said he could swim. | ||
Present Continuous | “I’m reading a book.” | Past Continuous | She said she was reading a book. |
“We aren’t watching TV.” | They told us they were not watching TV. | ||
Present Perfect | “I’ve passed all my exams.” | Past Perfect | Jack said he had passed all his exams. |
“I’ve never been to Rome.” | Mary said she had never been to Rome. | ||
Present Perfect Continuous | “I’ve been waiting for you for half an hour.” | Past Perfect Continuous | He told me he had been waiting for me for half an hour. |
Past Simple (остается в Past Simple или преобразовывается в Past Perfect.) | “I was born in Rome.” | Past Perfect | She mentioned she had been born in Rome. |
“I went to the cinema.” | He explained he had gone to the cinema. | ||
“We worked.” | They told us they had worked. | ||
“We didn’t know that.” | They claimed they hadn’t known that. | ||
Past Continuous | “I was sleeping at 5 o’clock.” | Past Perfect Continuous | He said he had been sleeping at 5 o’clock. |
We were having dinner.” | They told me they had been having dinner. | ||
Future Simple | “I will help you.” | Future Simple in the Past (will→would) | He told me he would help me. |
“I won’t forget.” | She said she wouldn’t forget. | ||
Future Continuous | “I’ll be waiting for you.” | Future Continuous in the Past | She said she would be waiting for us. |
Future Perfect | “I’ll have finished that then.” | Future Perfect in the Past | He promised he would have finished it then. |
Say или tell. Если в косвенной речи вы указываете кому было рассказано, нужно использовать tell, например: Tom told me (that) he didn’t like Brian. (not ‘Tom said me…’) С использованием say это предложение будет выглядеть так: Tom said (that) he didn’t like Brian. (not ‘Tom told (that) he…’)
for orders and request
Косвенная речь в приказах и просьбах (for orders and request). При передаче команды, просьбы или приказа в косвенной речи в английском языке используется инфинитив глагола с частицей «to” – «to do”, «to stand”, «to read” и т.д.
direct | ‘Don’t shout‘, I said to Jim. |
reported | I told Jim not to shout. |
direct | ‘Can you open the door for me, Tom?’, Ann asked. |
reported | Ann asked Tom to open the door for her. |
Главное предложение в косвенной речи может вводиться с помощью глагола ask, если это просьба или tell, если это приказ. И чтобы не повторять все время «he told” или «she asked”, используйте и другие слова:
Косвенная речь образуется по правилу: +that-clause
по правилу: +to-inf
по правилу: somebody+to-inf
direct | reported |
---|---|
He said to me: «Ring me up tomorrow.» | He asked (suggest) to ring me up the next day. |
При переводе вопросов из прямой речи в косвенную у вас должно получиться сложносочинённое предложение, где слова автора будут главной частью, а косвенная речь — придаточной. То, как будет выглядеть ваше новое предложение в косвенной речи, зависит от того, с какого слова начинался вопрос в прямой речи.
Вопросительные слова.
Если прямая речь начиналась со слов what, where, when, who, which, whose, why, how many, how long и т.п., то в косвенной речи убирается вопросительный знак и меняется порядок слов в предложении. Сказуемое ставится после подлежащего, т.е. новое предложение становится, по сути, повествовательным:
direct | He asked, «Where is my book?» |
reported | He asked me where his book was. |
direct | Nadia asked Annie, «What is he look like?» |
reported | Nadia asked Annie what he was look like. |
direct | We asked, «Who did this?» |
reported | We asked who had done that. |
direct | She asked, «How will you pay?» |
reported | She asked me how I would pay. |
Вспомогательные и модальные глаголы
Если же оригинальное предложение с прямой речью начиналось с глагола to have, to be, can или may, то после слов автора ставится союз «if» или «whether», который в данном случае переводится как «ли», и ни в коем случае не как «если»:
We asked, "May we expect our payment tomorrow?" We asked if (whether) we might expect our payment the next day.
He asked, "Have you been there?" He asked if I had been there.
She asked, "Are you all right?" She asked me whether I was all right.
Обратите внимание, что после этого «if» (которое переводится как «ли») можно использовать будущее время, а вот после «if», которое переводится как «если» — нельзя:
Let's ask him if he knows about it — Давай спросим, знает ли он об этом. Let's ask him if he knows about it — Давай спросим его, если он об этом знает.
Что же касается ответов в косвенной речи, то вместо слов «yes» и «no» в них используется либо положительная, либо отрицательная форма смыслового глагола:
We asked him, "Are you okay?" He answered, "Yes, I am / No, I'm not". We asked him whether he was okay. He answered he was / wasn't.
She asked, "Can you help?" I answered, "Yes, I can / No, I can't" She asked me whether I could help. I answered I could / couldn't.
He asked, "Do you know me? They answered, "Yes, we do / No, we don't". He asked whether they knew him. They answered they did / didn't.