He can not help you today где ошибка

1.
Fill
in the gaps with must
or have
to
in the correct form. Sometimes it is possible to use either.

1. You
really must
work
harder if you want to pass that examination. 2. Many children in
Britain must
wear uniform when they go to school. 3. Last night Don suddenly got
ill. We had
to
call the doctor. 4. Ann has
had to
wear glasses since she was eight years old. 5. I’m afraid I can’t
come tomorrow. I will have
to/ must
work late. 6. I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I had
to
work late. 7. Tom may have
to
go away next week. 8. We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We had
to
take it to the garage. 9. When you come to London, you must come and
see her. 10. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I must
go now. 11. Ann was feeling ill last night. She had
to
leave the party early.

2.
Fill
in the gaps with must,
mustn’t
or needn’t/don’t
have to.

A) 1.
A: Shall I help you with your shopping? B: No, you needn’t.
I can manage by myself. 2. A: You mustn’t
play football inside the house. B: I’m sorry. I’ll go outside. 3.
A: Do you want anything from the supermarket? B: No, you needn’t
get me anything today, thank you. I’m going out myself. 4. A: You
mustn’t
be late for work tomorrow morning. B: I know. I’ll try to arrive
early. 5. A: You must
take
these books out of the library. B: I know. It’s forbidden. 6. A:
You must
study hard to pass the exams. B: I know. I study every evening. 7. A:
Shall I make an appointment for you at the dentist’s? B: No, you
needn’t.
I’ll do it myself next week. 8. A: Shall I collect the children
from the party. B: No, you needn’t
collect them. Mrs Shaw is giving them a lift home. 9. A: You mustn’t
interrupt people while people are talking. B: No, it’s a very bad
manner to do that. 10. A: My dog has been ill for a week. B: Oh dear!
You must
take him to the vet. 11. A: Shall I wash the dishes for you? B: No,
you needn’t
do that. I’ll do it later. 12. A: It’s Sally’s birthday on
Wednesday. B: I know. I needn’t
remember buy her a present.

B)‘Welcome
to ‘Finest Foods’ factory. We are happy that you have come to
work with us. Before you start work, I want to familiarise you with
some rules and regulations. First of all, you 1)
must
wear the uniforms which are supplied, and you 2)
must
keep your hair covered at all times. You 3)
must
wear gloves unless you choose to, except in a few special areas. You
4)
mustn’t
smoke anywhere in the factory apart from the canteen, and you 5)
mustn’t
forget to wash your hands after breaks. You 6)
needn’t
stay in the factory during the breaks, but you 7)
must
clock in and out if you do leave the premises. You
mustn’t
work overtime, but we do encourage our workers to do so if they wish
to. Last but not least, if you have any problems, you 9)
must
go
to your supervisor who will help you to sort them out.’

3.
Rephrase
the following sentences using must,
mustn’t, needn’t, has to
or doesn’t
have to.

1. You
aren’t
allowed to
park your car in the college car park. You mustn’t
park your car in the college car park.

2. I
strongly advise you
to speak to your parents about your decision. You must speak to your
parents about your decision.

3. It
isn’t necessary
for Emma to attend tomorrow’s staff meeting. Emma needn’t
attend tomorrow’s staff meeting.

4. Jack
is obliged to wear
a suit and a tie at work. Jack
has
to
wear
a suit and a tie at work.

5. I’m
sure
Antonio is from Milan. Antonio must
be
from Milan.

6. It’s
necessary
for Roger to find a job soon. Roger will have to find a job soon.

7. It’s
forbidden
to use mobile phones inside the hospital. Mobile phones mustn’t
be used inside the hospital.

8. Susan is
obliged
to
work overtime because her boss says so. Susan has
to
work overtime because her boss says so.

4.
Rephrase
the following sentences using didn’t
need to
or needn’t
have done.
A):

1. It
wasn’t necessary for him to wash the car. It wasn’t dirty. He
didn’t
need to wash
the car.

2. It
wasn’t necessary for her to buy so many oranges, but she did. She
needn’t
have bought
so many oranges.

3. It
wasn’t necessary for us to take an umbrella. It wasn’t raining.
We
didn’t need to
take an umbrella.

4. It
wasn’t necessary for us to turn on the light. It wasn’t dark. We
didn’t need to
turn on the light.

5. It
wasn’t necessary for him to call me today, but he did. He needn’t
have called
me today.

6. It
wasn’t necessary for you to make sandwiches for me, but you did.
You needn’t
have made sandwiches
for me.

7. It
wasn’t necessary for them to make reservations at the restaurant,
but they did. They needn’t
have made reservations
at the restaurant.

B) 1.
I ran all the way to work but I needn’t have hurried because I was
the first person to arrive. 2. We didn’t
need to hurry,
so we stopped to have lunch on the way. 3. I went to college today,
but I needn’t
have gone
as all the lectures were cancelled. 4. I needn’t
have asked
the way to Lewes, since I’d been there before. 5. I didn’t
need to buy
any food, so I didn’t go to the supermarket. 6. I needn’t
have bought
any food after all, because we had plenty at home. 7. I needn’t
have packed my
shorts, as it rained all week. 8. We didn’t
need to pack
many things, as we would only be away for one night. 9. He decided
not to take his passport because it was not necessary. He
didn’t need to
take his passport. 10. We bought more food than necessary for the
party. We needn’t
have bought
so much food for the party. 11. It wasn’t necessary for Gloria to
iron the clothes because Sue had already done it. Gloria needn’t
have ironed
the clothes. 12. Jim regrets accepting the office. Jim
needn’t have accepted
the offer.

5.
Translate into English.

1. Мені
треба
купити
хліба.
— I need to buy some bread.

2. Їм
довелося
викликати
пожежних,
щоб
зняти
його
з
даху.
– They had to call the firemen to take him from off a roof.

3. Вам
доведеться
взяти
таксі.
Ви
запізнюєтесь.
— It will have to take a taxi. You are late.

4. Напевно,
їй
уже
про
це
розповіли.
– She must have already been told about it.

5. Де
ви
маєте
зустрітися?
– Where are you to meet?

6. Нам
можна не квапитися. У нас достатньо
часу.- We
needn’t hurry. We have enough time.

7. У
квартирі
не
можна
грати
у
футбол.
– You mustn’t play football in the apartment.

8. Почекай
трішки,
я
мушу
дочитати
розділ.
— Wait a bit, I must finish reading a chapter.

9. Дарма
ви
розказали
їй
про
це.
– You needn’t have told her about it.

10. Мені
нема чого було йти до магазину. Я
все
купила
напередодні.
– I needn’t have gone to the shop. I had bought everything the
day before.

11. Тобі
нема
чого
поспішати.
Вона
вже
пішла.
– You needn’t hurry. She has already gone.

12. Тут
не
можна
розмовляти
вголос.
– You mustn’t speak aloud here.

13. Даремно
ти
хвилювався.
Усе
пройшло
добре.
– You needn’t have worried. Everything had passed well.

14. Мені
не
треба
було
довго
чекати.
Він
не
запізнився.
— I needn’t have been waiting for a long time. He was not late.

15. Коли
ти
приїдеш
до
Києва,
ти
повинен
обов’язково
відвідати
мене.
— When you arrive in Kyiv, you must visit me.

6.
Fill
in the gaps with an appropriate modal verb. Then, say what they
express in each sentence.

1. A: Can I
borrow you pencil, please? B: No, you mustn’t. I’m using it. 2.
A: I’m bored . What shall we do? B: We could go for a walk. A: No,
we couldn’t because it’s raining. 3. A: My parents told me I
would be able to go to the party tonight. B: Never mind, I could go
either. We could stay at home together, though. 4. A: Sir, Can I
speak to you for a minute, please? B: Certainly, but later today, I’m
busy now. 5. A: Excuse me? B: Yes? A: Can you tell me where the post
office is, please. 6. A: Is anyone sitting on that chair? B: No, you
can’t take it if you want.

7.
Choose the correct answer.

1. ‘Todd
was a very talented child.’ – I know. He could
play the piano well when he was seven.’

2.
‘I’ve just taken a loaf out of the oven.’ – ‘Oh, that’s
why I could
smell
fresh bread when I came home.’

3. ‘How
was the test?’ – ‘Easy. All students were
able to
pass it.’

4. ‘What are you doing this
summer?’ – ‘I hope I’ll be able to go on holiday with my
friends.

5. ‘I could ride a bicycle
until I was eight.’ – ‘Neither could I.’

6. ‘Was the suitcase heavy?’
– ‘Yes, but I was able to carry it by myself.’

7. ‘Can you drive?’ –
‘Yes, but I haven’t got my own car.’

8. ‘Shall we go out today?’
– ‘That a good idea.’

9. ‘Will you give me a lift
to work tomorrow?’ – ‘Yes. I’ll pick up you at 8 o’clock.’

10. ‘Where is Collin?’ –
‘I’m not sure. He could be in the study.

8.
Fill in the gaps with can,
can’t, could, couldn’t or
be able in
the correct form.

1. I had my
hands full, so I couldn’t
open the door. 2. When I was young, I could
stand on my head. 3. Although he felt ill, he
was able to finish
all his paperwork. 4. Tony is clever. He can
speak three languages. 5. I couldn’t
afford
that bag. It’s too expensive. 6. Although it was dark, he was
able
to
find his way through the woods. 7. I heard his voice calling me, but
I couldn’t
see him. 8. We’re busy tonight, so we won’t be
able to
come to the party. 9. When I entered the house, I could
smell meat roasting. 10. I can
drive a car. I learned when I was eighteen. 11. I can’t understand
Martin. I’ve never been
able to understand
him. 12. I used to be
able to
run very fast but now I can’t
do it. 13. Ask Ann about your problem. She will be
able to
help you. 14. I haven’t been able to sleep recently. 15. I can’t
sing
now, but I could
very well when I was young. 16. Did they find your house? – Yes. It
took them a long way but they were
able to
find it. 17. He had hurt his leg, so he couldn’t
walk very well. 18. They won the match, though it wasn’t easy but
they were
able
win it. 19. She wasn’t at home when I phoned her but I was
able to
contact her at her office. 20. I looked very carefully and I was
able to
see a figure in the distance.

9.
Translate
into English.

1. Ви
можете
говорити
якимись
іноземними
мовами?
— Can you speak any foreign languages?

2. Боюсь,
я
не
зможу
прийти
на
твою
вечірку
в
суботу.
— I am afraid, I will not be able to come to your party on Saturday.

3. Я
не
міг
спати
останнім
часом
добре.
— I could not sleep well lately.

4. Можливо,
Том
не
зможе
прийти
завтра.
– Tom may not be able to come tomorrow.

5. Я
не
вмію
зараз
кататися
на
ковзанах,
але
я
вміла
дуже
добре
в
дитинстві.
— I can not skate now, but I could skate very well in childhood.

6. Чи
умовили вони його прийти? – Так. Це було
важко, але вони змогли умовити його. Did
they persuade him to come? — Yes. It was difficult, but they were
able to persuade him.

7. Моя
бабуся
любила
музику
і
вміла
дуже
добре
грати
на
піаніно.
— My grandmother loved music and could play the piano very well.

8. Хлопчик
упав
у
річку,
але,
на
щастя,
ми
змогли
врятувати
його.
— The boy had fallen into the river, but fortunately we were able to
rescue him.

9. На
острові
можна
знайти
кілька
видів
грибів.
— Few sorts of mushrooms can be found on the island.

10. Собаку
не
можна
впускати
в
дім.
— A dog can not be admitted into a house.

11. Я
могла
би
помити
посуд
після
обіду,
але
мені
зателефонувала
подружка.
— I could have washed up after dinner, but a girl-friend called me.

12. Ми
не
змогли
розв’язати
задачу.
— We could not solve the task.

13. Як
ти міг залишити її одну? Вона
могла
б
заблукати.
— How could you leave her alone? She could have lost the way.

14. Із
мого
вікна
я
міг
бачити
тільки
двір.
— Through my window I could see a yard only.

15. Ніхто
не
міг
зробити
для
нього
більше,
ніж
ви.
— Nobody could do for him more than you.

10.
Make sentences with may
or
might.
(The first five sentences are in present.)

E.g. Do you know if Ann
likes ice-cream? – I’m not sure. She may/might like ice-cream.

1. Do you
know if they are married? – I’m not sure. They
may/might
be married.

2. Do you
know if she wants to go? – I’m not sure. She may/might
want to go.

3. Do you
know if he’s telling the truth? – I’m not sure. He may/might
tell
the truth.

4. Do you
know if he has a car? – I’m not sure. He may/might
have
a car.

5. Do you
know if Jack is in his office? — I’m not sure. He may/might
be
in his office.

6. Do you
know if he was serious? I’m not sure. He might
have been serious.

7. Do you
know if they were looking for the key? I’m not sure. They might
have been looking
for the key.

8. Do you
know if she was ill? I’m not sure. She might
have been ill.

9. Do you
know if she told anybody? I’m not sure. She might
have told somebody.

10. Do you
know if they came to the meeting? I’m not sure. They might
have come to the meeting.

11.
Rephrase
the following sentences in as many ways as possible.

1.
Perhaps Laura has left the phone off the hook. Laura
may / might / could have left the phone off the hook.

2.
Surgeons are obliged to scrub their hands before operating on
patients. — Surgeons
must scrub their hands before operating on patients.

3.
Do you mind if I open the window? – May/
might I open the window?

4.
It wasn’t necessary for Peter to wash the dog, so he didn’t. –
Peter
needn’t have washed the dog.

5.
Emily managed to reach the top shelf, even though she didn’t have a
ladder. — Emily
could/was able managed to reach the top shelf.

6.
It’s forbidden to copy files without the manager’s permission. –
You
mustn’t copy files without the manager’s permission.

7.
Why don’t we spend the evening at home? — Shall
we spend the evening at home?

8.
I’m certain Patrick misunderstood my instructions. – Patrick
must have misunderstood my instructions.

9.
I’m sure Helen didn’t know about her surprise party. — Helen
can’t have known about her surprise party.

10.
I’m sure she lost the case. – She
must have lost the case.

11.
Perhaps she will phone us sometime today. — She
may phone us sometime today.

12.
I don’t think the Rogers have been living here long. — The
Rogers mightn’t have been living here long.

13.
I’m sure James won’t be seeing the boss tomorrow. — James
mustn’t/can’t be seeing the boss tomorrow.

14. Perhaps he is feeling ill.
— He must be feeling ill.

15.
I’m sure Alan wasn’t driving carelessly. — Alan
can’t have been driving carelessly.

16.
Perhaps he had left before you called. — He
may have left before you called.

17. I’m certain she’s
considering your offer. – She must be considering your offer.

18.
Perhaps they rented the flat. — They
may have rented the flat.

12.
Rephrase the sentences using must
or can’t.

1. I’m
sure she has gone on holiday. — She
must
have gone on holiday.

2. I’m
certain he doesn’t know the secret. — He can’t
know the secret.

3. I’m
certain Mike hasn’t got a car. — Mike can’t
have
got a car.

4. I’m
sure Susan has paid the phone bill. — Susan must
have
paid the phone bill.

5. I’m
sure they don’t live here. — They can’t
live here.

6. I’m
sure they left the country. — They must
have
left
the country.

7. I’m
certain Marie sent you a birthday card. — Marie must
have
sent
you a birthday card.

8. I’m
certain he didn’t call me. — He can’t
have called me.

9. I’m
sure he has been keeping secrets from me. — He must
have
been keeping secrets from me. 10. I’m certain she is looking for a
new job. —
She
must
be looking for a new job.

11. I’m
sure David didn’t go to the office. — David can’t
have
gone to the office.

12. I’m
certain he is working in the library. — He
must be
working in the library.

13. I’m
sure John didn’t stay late at the office. — John can’t
have
stayed late at the office.

14. I’m
certain he hasn’t arrived yet. — He can’t
have
arrived yet.

15. I’m
sure she was writing her course paper. — She must
have been
writing her course paper.

16. I’m
certain you have been planning the project. — You must
have
been planning the project.

17 I’m
sure Paul didn’t file the complaint. — Paul can’t
have
filed the complaint.

18. I’m
sure they haven’t finished writing the composition.- They must
have
finished writing the composition.

19. I’m
certain you told her everything. — You must
have told
her everything.

20. I’m
sure they are hiding somewhere. — They must
be hiding somewhere.

13.
Rephrase the following sentences, as in the example.

1. It’s
likely that she has forgotten about the meeting. She
may/might/could have forgotten about the meeting.

2. Perhaps he will be home
soon. — He may be home soon.

3. Perhaps we won’t stay in
a hotel. — We can’t stay in a hotel.

4. It’s possible she has
been delayed in traffic. – She may have been delayed in traffic.

5. It’s likely they have
gone to the cinema. — They may have gone to the cinema.

6. Perhaps they are asleep
already. – They may be asleep already.

7. It’s likely he hasn’t
been promoted. — He can’t have been promoted.

8. It’s possible she called
while we were out. – She may have called while we were out.

9. It’s likely we’ll go
shopping this afternoon. – We may go shopping this afternoon.

10. Perhaps he is outside. —
He may be outside.

11. It’s possible they
didn’t receive our message. — They can’t have received our
message.

12. Perhaps she is visiting a
friend. — She may be visiting a friend.

14.
Fill in can,
can’t,
must , mustn’t, needn’t or
have
to
in the correct form.

1. A: Is
Jason at work today? B: He can’t
be. His car isn’t at the car park. 2. A: I can’t do my German
homework. B: I’ll help you. I can
speak
German. 3. A: I’m going to watch TV. B: All right, but you mustn’t
stay up late. 4. A: We will have
to
book
a taxi to take us to the airport. B: I’ll do it now. 5. A: I didn’t
know Rachel was in the choir. B: Oh yes. She can
sing beautifully. 6. A: Must
I cook dinner tonight? B: No, you needn’t.
We are going to the restaurant. 7. A: Has Tom bought a car yet? B: He
can’t
have. I saw him on the bus yesterday. 8. A: She must
be very rich. B: Yes. She’s got a huge house and an expensive car.
9. A: I did the washing-up for you. B: Oh, you needn’t
have. But it was very kind of you. 10. A: Would you like to come to
my party on Saturday? B: I’d like to, but my Mum says I must
visit
my grandparents.

15.
Translate
into
English.

1. У
цю годину його завжди можна побачити в
читальному залі. At
this o’clock he always can be seen in a reading-room.

2. Можна,
я почекаю на вас? – Так. — Can I wait for you? —
Yes.

3. А
зараз,
діти,
можете
піти
погратися
до
садку.
— Now, children, you may go to play to the garden.

4. На
жаль,
жити
тут
неможливо.
— Unfortunately, you can’t live here.

5. Можна
мені
взяти
вашу
газету
на
хвилинку?
– Пробачте,
я
читаю
її
зараз.
— May I take your newspaper for a minute? — I am sorry, I am reading
it now.

6. Можливо,
ми
чули
цього
співака
по
радіо.
— We may have heard this singer on the radio.

7. У
диктанті
багато
помилок.
Ви
б
могли
бути
більш
уважними.
– There are many mistakes in the dictation. You could have been
more attentive.

8. Можна
вийти
на
хвилинку?
– Так.
/ Ні.
May I go out for a minute? — Yes. / No.

9. Вона,
можливо,
чекала
від
вас
похвали.
— She may have been expecting the praise from you.

10. Ти
могла
залишити
сумку
в
кафе.
— You could leave a bag in the cafe.

11. Вона
може
знати
його
адресу.
— She may know his address.

12.
Можливо,
він
подумав,
що
ви
хочете
взяти
в
нього
інтерв’ю,
а
він
цього
не
любить.
He may have thought that you wanted to take an interview at him, and
he it does not like it.

13. Його
може
і
не
бути
зараз
удома.
— He might not be at home now.

14. Книга
може
бути
вже
і
розпродана.
— A book might have been sold out.

15.
Можливо,
вони
це
зараз
обговорюють.
— They may be discussing it now.

16. Не
може
бути,
щоб
він
забув
свою
обіцянку.
– He can’t have forgotten the promise.

17. Він
точно
забув
свою
обіцянку.
– He must have forgotten the promise.

18. Вона
не
могла
запізнитися
на
потяг
учора.
— She could not miss the train yesterday.

19.
Можливо,
вона
вже
поїхала.
— She may have left.

20.
Напевно,
їй
вже
про
все
розказали.
– She must have already told everything about.

21. Не
може
бути,
щоб
їй
про
все
розказали.
— She can’t have already told everything about.

22. Напевно,
вони розмовляли про це, коли ви ввійшли.-
They
must be speaking about it, when you entered.

23. Невже
діти
все
ще
грають
надворі?
– Can the children be still playing outside?

24.
Можливо,
вона
буде
жити
в
цьому
місті
після
того,
як
закінчить
університет.
— She may live in this city after she graduate from the university.

25. Не
може
бути,
щоб
ти
не
чув
про
це
раніше.
— You can’t have heard about it before.

16.
Fill in shall
or will.

1. Shall
I help you with the washing-up? 2. Shall
we have pizza for dinner tonight? 3. Will
you carry this for me, please? 4. What shall
we buy for Bob’s birthday? 5. Will
you answer the phone, please? 6. Where shall
we sit in the classroom? 7. Will
you take the rubbish out for me? 8. Shall
Shall
Will
we have a barbecue next weekend?

17.
Read the situation and complete the sentences with should
/ shouldn’t, ought to /oughtn’t to
and the correct form of the infinitive.

1. Your
friend didn’t see a film on TV last night. You saw it and it was
very good. You should
have seen
the film. 2. Liz bought an expensive jacket yesterday and now she
hasn’t got enough money for the rest of the week. She shouldn’t
have
bought
such an expensive jacket. 3. Your sister eats a lot of junk food
which is bad for her health. You oughtn’t
to
eat
so much junk food. 4. Mr Jackson had a stiff back. He lifted some
heavy boxes and now his back is worse. He shouldn’t
have lifted
those heavy boxes. 5. Tony always drives too fast. Yesterday, he was
arrested for speeding. He ought
to have been driving more
slowly. 6. Sally is clumsy. She is always breaking things. She should
be
more careful. 7. Paul didn’t do his homework. The teacher punished
him. He should
have done
his homework. 8. Amy borrowed her brother’s car without asking. He
was very angry. She oughtn’t
to have borrowed
his car without asking.

18.
Translate into English.

1. Гаряче.
Відчинити
вікно?
– It is hot. Shall I open the window?

2. Вам
треба
більше
ходити
пішки.
— You should walk more.

3.
Повторіть
це
ще
раз.
– Will you repeat it again?

4. Вам
зробити
каву?
— Shall I make coffee for you?

4. Нам
треба
більш
піклуватися
про
довкілля.
— We ought to care about environment more.

5. Вам
слід
проконсультуватися
з
вашим
адвокатом.
– You should consult with your lawyer.

6. Не
треба було тобі заперечувати.- I
shouldn’t have denied.

7. Підемо
кудись
пообідаємо
сьогодні?
— Shall we go anywhere to dine today?

8. Вам
слід
було
прийти
раніше.
– You should have come earlier?

9. Ви
повинні були повернути книгу минулого
тижня. Чому ви не зробили це? —
You should have returned the book last week. Why did not you do it?

10. Ви
б
не
допомогли
мені?
– Так,
звісно.
— Would you help me? — Yes, certainly.

11. Чим
я можу допомогти вам? —
What can I do for you?

19.
Rephrase the following sentences using the modal verbs or their
equivalents.

1. You had
better book your flight early. — You should book your flight early.

2. Would you like me to draw
the curtains for you? – Shall I draw the curtains for you?

3. Why don’t we go to a
Japanese restaurant for a change? — Shall we go to a Japanese
restaurant for a change?

4. I strongly advise you to
see a lawyer as soon as possible. – You must see a lawyer as soon
as possible.

5. Can you call Greg for me,
please? — Will you call Greg for me, please?

6. You ought to have checked
the battery before you left. — You should have checked the battery
before you left.

7. Everybody is obliged to pay
taxes. — Everybody must pay taxes.

8. You don’t need to go to
the market today. — You needn’t go to the market today.

9.
It wasn’t necessary for Betty to call a taxi because I gave her a
lift. — Betty needn’t have called a taxi because I gave her a
lift.

10.
They managed to get to the theatre in time, despite the heavy
traffic. — They could get to the theatre in time.

11. You
aren’t allowed to keep pets in the building. — You mustn’t keep
pets in the building.

12. Do you
mind if I take the rest of the day off. — May I take the rest of the
day off?

13. I advise you to buy this
book. – You should buy this book.

14. It isn’t necessary for
him to take the exam again. – He needn’t take the exam again.

15. I’m sure Terry isn’t
here. — Terry can’t be here.

16. You are not allowed to eat
and drink in the classrooms. — You mustn’t eat and drink in the
classrooms.

17. We are obliged to clock in
and out every day. — We must clock in and out every day.

18. I’m sure the boys
weren’t upset with the results. — The boys can’t have been upset
with the results.

19. Would you like me to do
anything to help? – Shall I help you?

20. Perhaps we will go for a
picnic on Sunday afternoon. — We may go for a picnic on Sunday
afternoon.

21.
Sam managed to reach the top of the mountain after climbing for
several hours. — Sam was able to reach the top of the mountain after
climbing for several hours.

20. How about throwing a party
on the birthday? – Would you throw a party on the birthday?

20.
Choose the correct answer.

1. You mustn’t be late for
work.

2. Jim has to lose some
weight. His doctor said so.

3. I needn’t go to the bank
today. I have enough money.

4. I didn’t deliver the
parcel, because I couldn’t find the house.

5. I must clean the house
today. It’s dirty.

6. I didn’t need to feed the
dog. My brother did it.

7. I can’t open the window.
It’s stuck.

8. I could swim when I was I
child.

9. Can I borrow your umbrella?

10. Tom is very gifted. He can
speak French, German and Italian.

11. You need to study hard for
your exam.

12. Tom isn’t at work, so he
must be at the library.

13. Shall we have dinner at a
restaurant?

14. Sorry. I’ve broken the
cup. – You should be more careful.

15. Where’s your father. –
He might be in the garage.

16. What time shall I pick you
up from work?

17. We ought to phone Ann.
It’s her birthday today.

18. No reporters were allowed
to approach the scene of the accident.

19. May I help you, Madam?

20. It’s five o’clock. I
ought to be here by now.

Модальные глаголы в английском языке. Упражнения с ответами

Модальные глаголы — это глаголы, которые не используются самостоятельно; они выражают отношение говорящего к какому-либо действию или состоянию. Говорящий может оценивать действие как возможное, необходимое, разрешенное, запрещенное, приказываемое и т.п. Модальные глаголы часто используются в английском языке для выражения обязательства, долга, необходимости, разрешения, запрета, возможности, способности/неспособности, для выражения критического замечания, предложения или для того, чтобы дать совет.

К модальным глаголам относятся can/could (уметь, быть в состоянии/мог, умел), may/might (может/мог (используется для выражения вероятности или разрешения)), must/have to (должен («категоричный» глагол)/должен в связи с какими-то обстоятельствами), ought to (следует, нужно), shall/should (для предложения совместного действия, предложение услуги,совет), will/would (намерения, желания, обещания). Could, would, might — это формы глаголов в прошлом времени.

Насколько хорошо Вы знакомы с английскими модальными глаголами, проверим на упражнениях.

Exercise 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. You can/could buy the present yesterday.
2. 2. I think we could/will be able to buy the tickets beforehand.
3. Eddy must/had to return me this book yesterday.
4. The students must/mustn’t make a noise in the classroom.
5. The children may/will be allowed to play in the park today.
6. My mother may not/won’t allow me to take her camera.
7. Your cousin can/may play guitar very well.
8. All the students had to/will have to pass the exams at the end of the year.
9. Last year Ben could/couldn’t speak English, but now he can/can’t speak English rather well.
10. I think they can/will be able to take part in this festival next year.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able to 3. had to 4. mustn’t 5. may 6. won’t allow 7. can 8. will have to 9. couldn’t, can 10. will be able to.

Exercise 2. Дополните предложения глаголами в скобках.

1. Jane…play the violin a year ago, but now she … play well. She…play at the concert in two month. (can, could, be able to)
2. You … watch this film yesterday. I…you to go for a walk when you finish your homework. Your friend…visit you today. (may, might, will allow)
3. Oscar…take an aspirin an hour ago. He…go to bed right now. He…visit the doctor in three days. (must, had to, will have to)
4. My friend…speak French very well. He…speak French when he was twelve. I think he…go to university in France in his future. (can, could, will be able to)
5. We…clean the flat now. We…clean the flat yesterday, but we had a lot of homework to do. We…go shopping tomorrow evening. (had to, must, will be able to)
6. Tony and Den…go to the cinema yesterday. If they have already had dinner, they…play computer games. Their parents…the boys to go to the river next Saturday. (may, might, will allow)

Answers: 1. could, can, will be able to 2. might, will allow, may 3. had to, must, will have to 4. can, could, will be able to 5. must, had to, will be able to 6. might, may, will allow.

Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.

1. Henry can play volleyball very well.
2. We could help you with house chores yesterday.
3. Dolly must look after her little cousin.
4. They may go fishing with Bob.
5. Alex could return me this disc yesterday.
6. He may give you sweets after dinner.
7. Mary must translate this text.
8. I can make a cup of tea for them.
9. You must take care of your sister.
10. The doctor can examine you.
11. Nick could ski last winter.

Answers: 1. Henry can’t play volleyball very well. Can Henry play volleyball very well? 2. We couldn’t help you with house chores yesterday. Could we help you with house chores yesterday? 3. Dolly mustn’t look after her little cousin. Must Dolly look after her little cousin? 4. They may not go fishing with Bob. May they go fishing with Bob? 5. Alex couldn’t return me this disc yesterday. Could Alex return me this disc yesterday? 6. He may not give you sweets after dinner. May he give you sweets after dinner? 7. Mary mustn’t translate this text. Must Mary translate this text? 8. I can’t make a cup of tea for them. Can I make a cup of tea for them? 9. You mustn’t take care of your sister. Must you take care of your sister? 10. The doctor can’t examine you. Can the doctor examine you? 11. Nick couldn’t ski last winter. Could Nick ski last winter?

Exercise 4. Дополните предложения, используя модальные глаголы и слова в скобках (как в примере).

Ron can play football but (to play basketball —) — Ron can play football but he can’t play basketball.

Sue must learn the poem but (to write an essay ?) — Sue must learn the poem but must she write an essay?

1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but (to ride fast -).
2. Amy could skate last year but (to ski ?).
3. You may watch the cartoon but (to watch the film -).
4. I must paint the roof but (to paint the fence ?).
5. Eric can read in French but (to speak French ?).
6. Children must eat fruit but (to eat many sweets -).
7. At the age of two Betty could walk but (to speak -).
8. You may take my car but (drive without a licence -).

Answers: 1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but they may not ride fast. 2. …could she ski? 3. …you may not watch the film. 4. must I paint the fence? 5. …can he speak French? 6. … they mustn’t eat many sweets. 7. … she couldn’t speak. 8. … you may not drive without a licence.

Exercise 5. Напишите вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The boys can swim in the lake in summer.
2. We must buy a present for our mother.
3. Pam may listen to music in her room.
4. They could ski in the mountains in winter.

Answers: 1. Who can swim in the lake in summer? What can the boys do in summer? Where can the boys swim in summer? When can the boys swim in the lake? 2. Who must buy a present for our mother? What must we do for our mother? What must we buy for our mother? Whom must we buy a present for? 3. Who may listen to music in her room? What may Pam do in her room? What may Pam listen to in her room? In whose room may Pam listen to music? Where may Pam listen to music? 4. Who could ski in the mountains in winter? What could they do in winter? Where could they ski in winter? When could they ski in the mountains?

Exercise 6. Дополните шутки глаголами can или can’t.

1.B: …a kangaroo jump higher than the Eiffel Tower?

А: Yes, because the Eiffel Tower … jump!

2. А: Meet my newborn brother.

B: I don’t know. I … understand a wprd he says.

3. Teacher: How … we get some clean water?

Student: Bring the water from the river and wash it.

Answers: 1. can, can’t 2. can’t 3. can.

Exercise 7. Дополните предложения must или have to.

1. I am very tired. I … go to bed earlier today.
2. My parents think I … go to bed early to have a good sleep.
3. I … buy bread. My mother asked me about it.
4. I have got a terrible headache. I … take an aspirin.
5. My teacher says I … pay more attention to my pronunciation.
6. We have nothing to eat. We … go shopping.
7. Paul’s coach says he … exercise more to get good results at the competition.
8. Vicky’s room is in mess. She … tidy it.
9. The weather is so wonderful today! We … go out for a picnic.
10. Jane’s boss thinks she … speak to the clients more politely.

Answers: 1. must 2. have to 3. have to 4. must 5. have to 6. must 7. has to 8. must 9. must 10. has to.

Exercise 8. Дополните предложения глаголом have to в правильной форме (утвердительной, отрицательной или вопросительной) и времени (настоящее, прошедшее или будущее).

1. Sam has got a toothache so he … visit his dentist today.
2. … we … prepare all the documents yesterday? — No, you … .
3. It is my day off tomorrow so I … go to the office.
4. It was raining yesterday so Frank … take his umbrella.
5. Sally has recovered so now she … stay in bed any more.
6. Sheila and Marion can’t come to our party because they … study for the test tonight.
7. … you … type all these letters today? — Yes, I … .
8. My aunt arrives tomorrow so I … meet her at the railay station.
9. It was very warm yesterday and Jessie … put on her warm sweater.
10. … Clara … fill in this report right now? — No, she… .
11. Let’s go shopping now so that we … do it tomorrow.
12. … Mike … book a hotel room yesterday? — Yes, he… .

Answers: 1. has to 2. Did we have to, didn’t 3. won’t have to 4. had to 5. doesn’t have to 6. can’t, have to 7. have to, do. 8. will have to 9. didn’t have to

10. Does Clara have to, doesn’t 11. won’t have to 12. Did Mike have to, did.

Exercise 9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. My little brother can/could count when he was six.
2. I will be able to/was able to send the invitations tomorrow.
3. We can/could order a taxi right now.
4. She won’t be able to/wasn’t able to understand the rule because she had a headache.
5. Alan could/was able to win the competition because his leg didn’t hurt.
6. I’m afraid Sue can’t/won’t be able to take you to the exhibition because she’ll be very busy next Friday.
7. It eas snowing hard and we can’t/weren’t able to drive fast.
8. Olga can’t/couldn’t say a word in English two years ago but now she can/could speak English fluently.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able 3. can 4. wasn’t able to 5. was able to 6. won’t be able to 7. weren’t able to 8. couldn’t, can.

Exercise 10. Перепишите предложения, используя may/might, must, can’t, could как в примере.

I don’t think this film is interesting.

This film can’t be interesting.

1. She usually phones me. I think she will phone me today.
2. I don’t know if we meet our cousins.
3. I hope your little brother is near the sandpit.
4. I don’t think the plane arrives on time in such bad weather.
5. I’m not sure if our teacher is still at school.
6. Perhaps your parents will give you some good advice.
7. It’s quite possible that Nick will buy the cake.
8. It’s certain that they are of the same age.
9. I don’t think that the situation is so bad.

Answers: 1. He must phone me today. 2. We may/might meet our cousins. 3. Your little brother could be near the sandpit. 4. The plane can’t arrive on time in such bad weather. 5. Our teacher can’t still be at school. 6. Your parents could/may/might give you some good advice. 7. Nick may/might buy the cake. 8. They must be of the same age. 9. The situation can’t be so bad.

Exercise 11. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Can/could you buy a newspaper for me, please?
2. I shall/will give you my umbrella if you don’t mind.
3. Would/could you like a ham sandwich?
4. Can/could you phone me in the evening?
5. Shall/will we go to the concert tonight?
6. Can/would you like to try this jumper on?
7. Wait a minute! I shall/will write you my address.
8. Shall/will we have lunch in a cafe?
9. Shall/will you leave a message for me?
10. Can/could he show me the cheque?

Answers: 1. could 2. will 3. would 4. can 5. shall 6. would 7. will 8. shall 9. will 10. can.

Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Наши соседи должны быть сейчас на работе.
2. Мы опаздываем. Наш учитель может рассердиться.
3. Это не может быть ее номер телефона. Она недавно сменила номер.
4. Мой брат может забыть о встрече.
5. Ты можешь думать, что этот вопрос не такой уж и важный.
6. Она не может быть удивленной. Она знала об этом и раньше.
7. Твои одноклассники могут иметь и другие задания.
8. Этот журнал должен быть у твоего брата. Я давал его ему неделю назад.
9. Эти девушки могут быть сестрами.
10. Я думаю, может пойти дождь.

Answers: 1. Our neighbours must be at work now. 2. We are late. Our teacher may get angry. 3. This can’t be her phone number. She has recently changed her number. 4. My brother may/might forget about the meeting. 5. You may/might think that this question isn’t so important. 6. She can’t be surprised. She knew about it beforehand. 7. Your classmates could have other tasks. 8. Your brother must have this magazine. I gave it to him a week ago. 9. These girls may/might be sisters. I think it may/might rain.

Exercise 13. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Ты можешь пользоваться компьютером, если у тебя есть работа.
2. Ты не можешь смотреть телевизор. Ты еще не сделал уроки.
3. Ученикам не позволяется пользоваться калькулятором на уроках математики.
4. Можно мне взять ваш чемодан?
5. Можно мне одолжить вашу машину, пожалуйста?
6. Он не может оставаться с нами.
7. Здесь не позволяется оставлять машину.
8. Он может присоединиться к нам, если хочет.
9. Можно мне посмотреть на ваши расчеты, пожалуйста? — Да, конечно.
10. Можно мне яблоко? — Сначала тебе следует помыть руки, а потом ты можешь взять яблоко.

Answers: 1. You may use the computer if you have any work. 2. You can’t watch TV. You haven’t done the homework yet. 3. Students can’t use calculators at the Math lessons. 4. Can I take your suitcase? 5. Could I borrow your car, please? 6. He can’t stand with us. 7. You mustn’t leave a car here. 8. He may join us if he wants. 9. Could/Might I look at yourcalculations, please? — Of course, you can. 10. Can I have an apple? — First you should wash your hands and then you can have an apple.

Сборник упражнений по теме «Модальные глаголы»
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (8 класс) по теме

Материал может использоваться как домашнее задание для учащихся 8 классов.Всего включено 50 упражнеений:перевод с русского на английский и с английского на русский.

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Переведите на русский язык.

1. Mike can run very fast. 2. They can understand French. 3. Kate can speak English well. 4. My brother can соmеand help you in the garden. 5. Can you speak Spanish? 6. Can your brother help me with mathematics? 7. His little sister can walk already. 8. The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 9. Му friend cannot соmе on time. 10. This old woman cannot sleep at night. 11. His sister can cook vегуwell. 12. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 13. Can’t you wait till tomorrow morning? — I can wait, but my toothache can’t. 14. Can I borrow your pencil for аmoment? 15. Her grandmother can knit very well. 16. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 17. This trip is too expensive for me. I can’t afford it. 18. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she’s looking for. 19. Could you соmеto my place next Friday — I’m sorry. I can’t.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол can (could) .

1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки. 3. Ты умеешь говорить по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку? 6. Я не могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете мне сказать, как доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли ли бы вы мне помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это предложение. 13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать, когда была молодая? — Да, она и сейчас умеет. 16. Я умею пользоваться компьютером.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be able to .

1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропорта. 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную почту сегодня вечером? 3. Они какое-то время не смогут смотреть телевизор: с ним что-то случилось. 4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне переехать в новый дом на следующей неделе. 5. Ты сможешь сделать эту работу завтра? 6. Я думаю, она не сумеет решить эту задачу. 7. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе. 8. Мы сможем поехать в Нью-Йорк в будущем году? 9. Ты сможешь починить мой магнитофон? 10. Вчера я не смог повидать директора, так как он был на конференции, но сегодня после работы я смогу это сделать. 11. Он рад, что смог вовремя закончить задание.

Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя слова, данные в скобках. Замените модальный глагол can (could) выражением to be able to , где это необходимо.

1.They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last exam). 4. We can pass to the next exercise (when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my book for аcouple of days (after I have read it). 6. Неcan ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim (since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this serious swimming competition (until you have mastered good skills). 9. I could not solve the problem (before he explained it tоme).

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Мау I invite Nick tоour house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for аwalk. 4. Don’t go tо the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. Мау I go to the post office with Mike? 6. Мау I take Pete’s bag? 7. Don’t give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. Мау we take notes with а pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red.10. МауI shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 12. Мау children play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes аlong time. 14. It may be true. 15. May I соmе and see you? 16. Where have you been, may I ask?

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may .

1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гулять? 3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купаться. 6. Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни. 7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор. 8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть. 9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 10. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть. 11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12. Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13. Он может забыть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано уйти сегодня. 16. Ты сказал, что мне можно взять твой велосипед. 17. Если хотите, можете идти сейчас. 18. Они могут заказать билеты по телефону. 19. Мой старший брат, может быть, пойдет в университет после школы. 20. Она, может быть, и обладает музыкальным талантом.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be аllowed to.

1. Извините, но здесь курить воспрещается. 2. Ему не позволили курить у них в доме. 3. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам семнадцать лет. 4. В США вам разрешают продолжать водить машину даже в возрасте девяноста лет. 5. Мне разрешают пользоваться новым папиным компьютером. 6. Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним. 7. Ему не разрешают купаться в этой реке. 8. Вчера ей позволили прийти домой в десять часов. 9. Нам не позволяют разговаривать на уроках. 10. Тебе позволили взять эту книгу? 11. Я думаю, мне не разрешат поехать с тобой, за город. 12. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки. 13. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был маленький? 14. Когда мне разрешат есть мороженое? 15. Парковка на газоне запрещена! 16. Вам не разрешается разговаривать на экзамене.

Вставьте модальный глагол mау (might) или выражение to be allowed to . Вставляйте to be allowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) употребить нельзя.

1. Не. go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy . leave the room, he smiled аhappy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I аm much better. I . get up for аfew hours every day. 4. … I bring my sister to the party? 5. Неasked if he . bring his sister to the party. 6. After the children had finished their homework, they . watch TV. 7. Не. join the sports club as soon as he passes his medical examination. 8. Becky’s mother said that everybody . take part in the picnic. 9. If you pass your exams, you . go to the south. 10. . I borrow your car, please? 11. Неasked if he . borrow mуcar. 12. …I have аlook at your newspaper? 13. One day all his dreams . соmе true.

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can .

1. you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You . go when you have finished your essays. 3. What shall we do if the train is late? It . be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we’ve had. 4. When . you соmеand see me? — Let теsee: I . not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I`ll find time. Yes, you . expect mеon Sunday about two о’clock. Will that be all right? 5. You . соmеin when you have taken off your boots. 6. Be careful: you . spill the milk if you carry it like that. 7. Most children . slide on the ice very well. 8. I don’t think I . be here by eleven о’clock tomorrow, but I . be. 9. … you say what will happen in an hour?

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1.… I take it? 2. Let mе look at your exercises. I . be able to help you. 3. I . not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me tо be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I . stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes . get books there. 5. I . соmе and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it . rain today. 7. Dо you think you… do that? 8. I . finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers mеany more. 9. …we соmе and see you next Sunday at three о’clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? — It . be about six о’clock, but I аm not sure. 11. Only а person who knows the language very well . answer such а question.

Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can (could) .

1.…you help me? 2. I . not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Something was wrong with the car: he . not start it. 4. You . never say what . happen next. 5. She asked mеif she . use mу telephone. 6. . I use your pen? 7. …I find а pen on that table? 8. You . read this book: you know the language well enough. 9. You … take this book: I don’t need it. 10. . I help you? 11. … I ask you to help mе? 12. The school was silent: nothing . be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting . be endless, you know. 14. . you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They . think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. Не knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he find in the rich university library. 17. . you please everyone? 18. There . be nо doubt about it.

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You must work hard on your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the роеm today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must соmе to school on time. 7. Don’t ring him up: hе must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today. 10. Don’t worry! This is not important. — Not important! You must be joking! 11. Не never comes to work late! Не must have over slept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating too much and she must lose weight. 14. You must quit smoking! If you don’t, you’re going to have serious problems with your lungs some day. 15. We mustn’t be late. 16. I must have forgotten about it. 17. I must say, you are making а serious mistake. 18. She must be very particular about what she eats.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must .

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи. 10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не должны опаздывать. 15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я должен написать ей письмо. 16. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Неужели вам уже надо уходить? 18. Я должен признать, что я неправ. Что еще я должен сделать?

Переведите на русский язык .

1. I had to do а lot of homework yesterday. 2. She had tоstay at home because she did not feel well. 3. Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 4. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home. 5. They had to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill. 6. Why did you have to stay at home yesterday — Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister. 7. It was Sunday yesterday, so he didn’t have to be at work, but he had tоdo а lot at home. 8. I am sorry I couldn’t соmе yesterday, I had to work late. 9. I haven’t written mу essay, I shall have to write it on Sunday. 10. We did not have to buy biscuits because our granny had baked а delicious pie. 11. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 12. Why do you have to get up early tomorrow? 13. I had to go to the hospital to visit my aunt. 14. What did you have to learn by heart? — Аt school, I had to learn а beautiful роеm «Leisure» by William Henry Davies. 15. I have tо see him.

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени .

1. It is quite clear to everyone in the family that he must start getting ready for his exam instead of wasting time. 2. It is impossible to do anything in such а short time. I must ask the chief to put off mу report. 3. I don’t mean that you must do everything they tell you. 4. It is already twenty minutes past eight. You must go or you will be late for the first lesson. 5. I аm very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once, or I shall fall asleep where I am sitting. 6. We can’t wait for them any longer, we must ring them up and find out what has happened. 7. I аm thinking hard, trying to find а solution of the problem. There must be аway out. 8. I doubt if I can finish the work in (on) time, but I must do it. 9. I must hand in my completed assignment by Friday.

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды: в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Заменяйme модальные глаголы must и can эквивалентами, где необходимо.

1. You must listen to the tape recording of this text several times. 2. You must take your exam in English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. We can’t meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine the child. 6. Не must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more time in the open air. 8. I can’t recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this work. 10. Не can’t join the party because he is busy. 11. I can settle my own problems.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must или его эквивалент to have to .

1. Я должна пойти в магазин сегодня.

2. Мне придется пойти в магазин завтра.

3. Мне пришлось пойти в магазин вчера.

Переведите на английский язык следующие вопросы и ответьте на них.

1. Что вы должны сделать сегодня?

2. Что вам придется сделать завтра?

3. Что вам пришлось сделать вчера?

Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can , may или must .

1. What . we see on this map? 2. … you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I . . 3. At what time. you come to school? 4. … I have it? 5. You . not smoke here. 6. . I take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it. 7. Не. not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I . go. 9. They . not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You . read this text: it is easy enough. 11. She . still live in Paris. 12. Не is busy. Не. be writing а book about his travels. 13. But he is happy. Не. enjoy life. 14. Му friend Danielle isn’t а famous artist. But she . even paint Russian icons. I . only admire her beautiful pictures. She . be а woman of great talents. She . speak German, French and English. She . translate а lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She . also teach these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fascinated by everything that she does. She always gives the impression of being someone you . trust.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, mау или саn .

1. Можно мне взять ваш словарь? 2. На уроке английского языка вы должны говорить только по-английски. 3. Мы должны сегодня сдать тетради? 4. Можно мне задать вам вопрос? — Пожалуйста. 5. Я не могу пойти с вами в кино, так как я очень занят. 6. Можно здесь остаться? — Пожалуйста. 7. Он сейчас должен быть в своем кабинете. Вы можете поговорить с ним. 8. Можно войти? — Пожалуйста. 9. Вы должны прочитать этот текст. 10. Может ли он выполнить на компьютере несколько простых заданий? 11. Я должен сегодня поговорить со своим другом. 12. Мы должны оплатить счет за электричество к концу месяца. 13. Эта женщина — прекрасный водитель. Она может водить даже автобус. 14. Можно мне бутерброд с тунцом и чашечку кофе?

Переведите на русский язык .

1. I was to wait for her at the railway station. 2. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon. 3. Wе were to get there before the others. 4. Не was to tell her where to find us. 5. She was to graduate from Oxford that year. 6. She was to wear that dress at the graduation party. 7. Не is to come here at five о’clock. 8. The train was to leave at 5 am. 9. They were to start on Monday. 10. Не was to telephone the moment she was out of danger. 11. Roses were to be planted round the pond. 12. There was tо be а discussion later on. 13. What are we to do? — We are to visit our friends in Germany. 14. They were to be great friends.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол to be to .

E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight.

The lecture is to begin at eight.

2) I expect her to соmе and help.

She is to соmе and help.

3) It was planned that we should wait for them at the door.

We were to wait for them at the door.

4) It was arranged that he should meet her at the station.

Не was to meet her at the station.

5) Who will take care of the children?

Who is to take саге of the children?

1. What am I supposed to do if they соmе too early? 2. It was arranged that the youngest children would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 7. And who will do the cooking? 8. It is expected that two more blocks of flats will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the station? 11. We were planning to move tо Moscow.

Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to .

1. Where . the meeting to take place? — I suppose in the lecture hall. 2. So, our plan is as follows: I. tо go tо the college library and get the books. You . to look through all the material here. Later we . to work together. 3. “You . to do it alone, without anybody`s help”, she said sternly. 4. I . to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you. 5. It was raining hard and we . to wait until it, stopped raining. 6. I . to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. Why didn’t you tell me that I . to buy the books? 8. According to the order of the schoolmistress all the pupils . to return the library books before the twenty-third of May. 9. As we had agreed before, we . to meet at two о’clock to go to the stadium together. But Mike did not come. I waited for another half hour, but then I . to leave as I was afraid to be late. 10. The meeting . to begin at five о’clock. Don’t be late. 11. Не. to be in bed by ten о’clock. 12. How many times . I . tо tell you not to do it?

Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to .

1.»Cheating is аvery nasty thing,» said the teacher, «and we . to get rid of it.» 2. They decided that she. tо leave them а message every tenth day. 3. You .. to learn all the new words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? Не. to be our new teacher of history. 5. Who . to go to the library to get the new books? — I was, but I couldn’t because I . to finish some work at the language laboratory. 6. It is raining. You . to put on your raincoat. 7. «The patient . to stay in bed for а few days,» ordered the doctor. 8. The child had stomach trouble and . to take his medicine. 9. I told her she . to open the window for а while every day. 10. If I don’t ring up before six о’clock, then you … to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. Is that сlеar? 11. The planters . to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains were expected. 12. I . to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 13. Johnny White . to borrow from Luke Flint at аhigh interest, for there was nо one else in the district who lent money. 14. The agreement was that if Johnny White could not repay the money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint . to have the right to sell the land. 15. You . to do it if you don’t want to. 16. «I . to go to England and be аlord», explained Cedric. So he . to go to England and be аlord.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы to have to или to be to .

1. Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде. 2. Мне задали выучить это стихотворение к среде. 3. Мне пришлось выучить это стихотворение к среде. 4. Мне придется выучить это стихотворение к среде. 5. Ему приходится учить это стихотворение сегодня, так как он не выучил его вчера. 6. Вам не придется учить это стихотворение. 7. Мне не пришлось учить это стихотворение. 8. Так как он выучил это стихотворение вчера, ему не нужно учить его теперь. 9. На этой неделе нам предстоит встретиться с выдающимся ученым. 10. Выхода не было, и ему пришлось заплатить штраф. 11. Мне было задано написать сочинение о творчестве Пушкина, а для этого мне пришлось перечитать некоторые из его произведений, которые я плохо помнил. 12. Мне придется посидеть дома эти дни. Врач говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормальной.13. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать. 14. Спектакль должен был начаться в семь часов. 15. Мы должны были отложить поездку, так как погода испортилась. 16. Если вы хотите хорошо овладеть языком, вы должны очень много читать. 17. По новому расписанию у нас будет пять уроков английского языка в неделю. 18. Мы решили, что школьный оркестр должен играть на концерте. 19. Рано или поздно вам придется пойти к врачу. 20. В будущем году мы должны начать изучение астрономии. 21. Чтобы разработать новую теорию, ученые должны были провести бесчисленные опыты.

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You cannot read so many books. 2. You need not read so many books. 3. Nick cannot go to school today. 4. Nick need not go tо school today. 5. They cannot translate this difficult article. 6. They need not translate this difficult article. 7. Му sister cannot write this letter: she is very busy. 8. Му sister need not write this letter: I shall phone them. 9. She cannot buy bread. 10. She need not buy bread. 11. Не could not stay there for the night. 12. Не need not have stayed there for the night. 13. We could not do all this work. 14. We need not have done all this work. 15. She could not cook such аbig dinner. 16. She need not have cooked such аbig dinner. 17. They could not write the essay. 18. They need not have written the essay. 19. I could not go to the library. 20. I need not have gone tоthe library. 21. You could not wait for me. 22. You need not have waited for me.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол need .

Е.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there.

You need not go there.

2) It was not necessary to go there.

You need not have gone there.

1. It is not necessary to take the 8 pm (train) to London. Аlater train will do as well. 2. There was nо necessity for her to do it herself. 3. There is nо reason for you to worry: he is as strong as а horse. 4. There is nо need for you to be present. 5. Is it any use our going into all that now? 6. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation was clear as it was. 7. Why do you want to press the skirt? it is not creased at all. 8. It was not necessary for you to remind me about her birthday. I remember the date very well. 9. Why do you want to do it аll today? 10. It was not necessary for mother to cook this enormous dinner: we have brought all the food the children may want.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол need .

1. Мне нужно тебе помогать? — Нет, спасибо, я все сделаю сам. 2. Вы можете не ходить туда. 3. Ему незачем беспокоиться о ней. 4. Я могу и не спрашивать его: он сам мне все расскажет. 5. Вам не обязательно звонить мне: я не забуду о своем обещании. 6. Надо ли ей покупать такую массу продуктов? 7. Она может не ходить в библиотеку: я дам ей книгу. 8. Вы могли и не брать зонт: я уверен, что дождя не будет. 9. У нас много времени в запасе, и нам незачем спешить. 10. Тебе незачем делать это сейчас. Ты можешь это сделать и завтра. 11. Она может и не помогать. Все уже сделано. 12. Ему незачем было продавать свое пианино. 13. Вы могли и не кричать так на ребенка.14. Они теперь не могут спать. — Им не за чем было смотреть фильм ужасов.

Вставьте модальные глаголы may, must или need .

1. . I take this book for а little while? — I аm sorry, but I . return it to the library at once. 2. Alex . spend more time studying, but the other boy . not: he has successfully passed the exam. 3. They . соmе any time they like between ten and twelve in the morning, but they . not come if they don’t want to. 4. … I go there right now? — Yes, you . . 5. . we hand in our essays tomorrow?— No, you . not, you . hand them in after Sunday. 6. . John really do this today — No, he . not, he . do it tomorrow if he likes. 7. You . not let this cup fall: it . break. 8. . I help you? 9. You . park your car only in your own space in the back of the building. 10. You . have cancelled your trip to Canada. But you have always wanted to visit the largest French city Montreal and see your friend Nina. 11. We . рау the monthly water bill.

Вставьте модальные глаголы can, mау, must или need .

1. Peter . return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 2. Why . not you understand it? It is so easy. 3. . we do the exercise at оnсе? — Yes, you . do it right now. 4. . you pronounce the word? 5. You . not have bought this meat: we have everything for dinner. 6. I . not go out today: it is too cold. 7. . I take your pen? — Yes, please. 8. We . not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 9. We . not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it. 10. When . you соmе to see us? — I . соmе only on Sunday. 11. Shall I write а letter to him? — No, you . not, it is not necessary. 12. . I offer you something to drink? 13. Everything is clear and you . not go into detail now. 14. Не. not drink alcohol when he drives. 15. Don’t worry! I . change аlight bulb. 16. Ву the end of the week I . have finished writing my book. 17. She . not call the doctor again unless she feels worse.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, mау, might или can`t .

1. Они, должно быть, работают за границей.

2. Они, может быть, работают за границей.

3. Может быть, они и работают за границей (хотя едва ли).

4. Не может быть, что они работают за границей.

5. Они, должно быть, работали за границей.

6. Они, может быть, работали за границей.

7. Может быть, они и работали за границей (хотя едва ли).

8. Не может быть, что они работали за границей.

9. Он, должно быть, на работе.

10. Он, должно быть, был на работе.

11. Он, может быть, на работе.

12. Он, может быть, был на работе.

13. Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли).

14. Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли).

15. Не может быть, что он на работе.

16. Не может быть, что он был на работе.

Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол mау (might) выражает разрешение, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Не may have written the letter, but the signature is certainly not his. 2. It might have been worse. 3. Мау I come and see you some day? 4. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries. 5. Children may borrow books from the school library. 6. I may show him your reports later. I don’t know yet. 7. I think he might get into the Olympic team in 2014. 8. Mother, may I have а glass of warm milk? 9. I may have wrecked my own life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 10. Justice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол mау .

Е.g. Possibly you left your book behind.

You may have left your book behind.

1. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 2. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us. 3. Perhaps it was Helen who rang you up. 4. Perhaps they came by plane. 5. Perhaps she had аvery good English teacher. 6. Perhaps it was too cold for the children to go out. 7. It is possible that he took his children to the zoo. 8. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 9. Perhaps Robert used аdictionary. 10. Possibly Маrу mis understood you. 11. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 12. Possibly Ann returned very late last night. 13. Possibly they have seen the new play. 14. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home. 15. Perhaps my parents have gone to the Russian Museum.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол mау .

1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don’t remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was аchance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given nо chance to show his skill. 6. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 7. Perhaps the question was too difficult for her. 8. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 9. Why didn’t Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it. 10. It is possible that your brother has never heard about this writer. 11. Perhaps she tried tо enter the university, but failed. 12. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that’s why you didn’t get the right answer. 13. Perhaps our friends will arrive here tomorrow. 14. Perhaps we have met before.

Вставьте модальный глагол mау или might . Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. . I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she . (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it . (not to stop) raining by the morning. 4. Don’t scold her: the task . (to be) too difficult for her, that’s why she made rather many mistakes. 5. If they don’t miss the train, they . (to arrive) on time. 6. Why isn’t he here yet? What has happened? — Oh, he . (to miss) the train. 7. Не. (to do) very hard work. That’s why he looks sо tired now. 8. Don’t throw out the rest of the birthday cake. Не. (tо want) it for dessert. 9. It’s raining cats and dogs. …I (to borrow) your umbrella, please? 10. Do you know where I left the car keys? — You . (to leave) them in the garage. 11. They don’t know where the money has gone. It . (to steal).

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол mау .

1. Может быть, это неправда. 2. Может быть, он занят. 3. Может быть, они знают. 4. Может быть, он все еще за границей. 5. Может быть, она опоздает. 6. Может быть, он сдаст экзамен. 7. Может быть, мы поедем на Волгу. 8. Может быть, она придет завтра. 9. Может быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 10. Возможно, она пришлет нам письмо по электронной почте. 11. Возможно, они забудут принести газету. 12. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки. 13. Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними. 14. Возможно, они уехали за границу. 15. Возможно, мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 16. Возможно, она уже купила билеты. 17. Может быть, бабушка спит. 18. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 19. Возможно, они сейчас как раз обсуждают этот вопрос. 20. Возможно, они как раз сейчас обедают. 21. Может быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака. 22. Возможно, она поменяла свои планы.

Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол must выражает долженствование, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You must take а taxi if you want to catch that train. 2. You must tell your mother about it. 3. But she must have seen him! 4. Oh, John, think how she must be suffering! 5. Is she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour. 6. «Oh, Auntie,» he answered, “you mustn’t talk like that’’. 7. And remember, you must соmе and see the baby as soon as you can. 8. You must go home now, Georgie. 9. You must be а fool to think so. 10. The work must have been carried out in secret for quite аlong time. 11. The question must be solved before we begin doing anything. 12. Mind, you mustn’t spend аll the money.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must .

Е.g. Probably I left my textbook in the classroom.

I must have left my textbook in the classroom.

1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2. Evidently she has left the town. 3. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers’ room. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 5. Probably Helen has got аbad mark. 6. Evidently they have solved the problem. 7. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their essay. 8. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 9. Evidently the meeting was cancelled. 10. Evidently he forgot to send her а birthday card. 11. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape recorder. 12. Probably I left my bag in the canteen.13. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus. 14. Probably Маrу forgot to call me.15. Probably mother took my umbrella. 16. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must .

1. I think it is time for the bell tо ring. 2. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 3. Probably he recognized you by your photo in the papers. 4. Не is sure tо be in at this time. 5. Of course, she is trying to help you. 6. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 7. Probably he was already ill. 8. There is little doubt that the first experiment failed. 9. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 10. I am sure she is fond of the child. 11. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning. 12. Probably he was taken there by car.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Не is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 2. It is probably time to go now. 3. Probably they have changed the school curriculum. My granddaughter knows аgreat deal more than I did when I was her age. 4. It is probably аvery difficult rule. 5. I am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such а picturesque place. 6. You have probably read books of this author before. 7. I feel sure they are preparing а surprise for us. 8. These old legends were probably composed about а thousand years ago. 9. It is probably nine о’clock now. 10. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry. 11. Where are the children? They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having а very good time. 12. Не has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 13. She is а very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 14. Look! Helen’s windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 15. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива .

1. She must (to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her any more money. 2. They must (to be) upset when they heard the news. 3. You must (to come) and (to visit) us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 4. It’s the third time he’s been playing the piano today. Не must really (to enjoy) it. 5. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow) at night. 6. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like а snowman. It must (to snow) heavily. 7. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow. It must (to snow) for several hours already. 8. You look fresh! You must (to have) а good sleep at night. 9. You look very tired. You must (to have) а good sleep at night. 10. Не knows mathematics much better than he did last year. Не must (to work) а lot in summer. 11. Your mathematics is very poor. You must (to work) on it in summer. 12. Where is Peter? — Oh, he must (to read) in the library. Не is getting ready for а very difficult exam. 13. You must (to study) English for several years already. Your language is excellent.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must .

1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностранных языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над своим новым романом. 3. Наверное, они сейчас наслаждаются прекрасной погодой. 4. Наверное, она пытается найти старые письма. 5. Вероятно, они сейчас любуются красотой южной природы. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся с юга. 7. Наверное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он все рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она все приготовила заранее. 11. Должно быть, он еще здесь. 12. Должно быть, они только что пришли. 13. По-видимому, он унес бумаги с собой. 14. Очевидно, здесь уже кто-то был. 15. Вероятно, они над ним смеются. 16. Должно быть, они тогда жили здесь. 17. Должно быть, идет дождь. 18. Вероятно, это здесь. 19. Должно быть, он прав.

Переведите на русский язык .

1. Не must be trying tо find the lost stamp. 2. You must try tо find the lost stamp. 3. Не must have taken it. 4. Не had tо take it. 5. She must be the youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become а good football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had tо read the letter twice before I understand it. 8. Не must have read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me? 10. They must be talking about us. 11. I had to decide what to do.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must или to have to . Употребляйте to have to только в тех случаях, когда must употребить нельзя.

1. Я должна прочесть эту книгу. 2. Она, должно быть, читает эту книгу. 3. Мама была больна, и мне пришлось вести сестру в школу. 4. Они, должно быть, играют во дворе. 5. Я должен был пойти в аптеку купить лекарства. 6. Должно быть, она пошла в аптеку. 7. Вы должны поговорить с ней. 8. Должно быть, они сейчас разговаривают об этом. 9. Мне пришлось написать об этом сестре. 10. Она, должно быть, написала сестре. 11. Он действительно плохо себя чувствует (в плохой спортивной форме). Он должен побольше двигаться. 12. Ты, должно быть, Анина подруга. 13. Дети все еще не дома.— Их, должно быть, задержали в школе. 14. Мне пришлось самой решать свои проблемы. 15. Мы должны были (Нам пришлось) оставить свой дом. 16. Он, должно быть, шутит!

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, to have to или to be to .

1. Должно быть, он очень умен. 2. Должно быть, он вас узнал. 3. Ему предстояло пойти к директору и объяснить свое поведение. 4. Вам придется поговорить с ней. 5. Им пришлось очень долго идти пешком.6. Ему не придется переписывать сочинение. 7. Должно быть, он пишет ее портрет. 8. Вероятно, они уже ушли. 9. Ему предстояло совершить удивительное открытие. 10. Мне предстоит сделать много работы сегодня. 11. Мне пришлось идти туда самому. 12. Вам придется немного подождать. 13. Когда он должен прийти? (Как вы договорились?) 14. Поезд должен был прибыть через несколько минут. 15. К сожалению, они не смогли пойти на вечеринку. Маме пришлось ждать водопроводчика. Папе пришлось работать допоздна в офисе. Тете пришлось позаботиться о маленьких детях. Дяде пришлось ремонтировать машину. Не повезло!

Перепишите сначала предложения, в которых модальный глагол can выражает возможность , затем предложения, в которых он выражает вежливую просьбу , затем предложения, в которых он выражает недоумение , и, наконец, предложения, в которых модальный глагол can`t имеет значение “не может быть.” Переведите предложения на русский язык .

1. “But they can’t be as bad as he!” 2. Can you tell me the way tо the nearest post office? 3. Аlittle bit of boiled fish can’t hurt you, you know. 4. Could you help me with the translation of this article? I am afraid I cannot do it alone. 5. Не shut himself up in the study for the whole day, and I could see through the window that he was writing busily. 6. Can she have been waiting for us all this time? 7. She can’t come tomorrow because they will be working the whole day. 8. I simply could not refuse: they would have been hurt. 9. Не was not old. Не couldn’t have been more than forty. 10. Could you leave the boy here for half an hour? I want him to help me. 11. «Оh!» she cried in surprise, «it’s impossible! You can’t have done it!» 12. This land can be reached by boat or even on foot when the tide is low.

Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти .

Е.g. Yesterday I saw Pete in the concert hall.

You can’t have seen Pete in the concert hall yesterday.

1. The teacher allowed the boy to use а dictionary. 2. Nick got up at seven and did his morning exercises. 3. It was Kate who aired the room. 4. There were so many pupils in the library yesterday. 5. It was John who broke the CD player. 6. I saw Ann in the library yesterday. 7. Boris was in the canteen five minutes ago. 8. Robert took two bags with him. 9. That was Ann who plugged in the tape recorder. 10. Nick has been listening to music for two hours already. 11. It was Маrу who rewound the tape. 12. The teacher let me take the tape home.

Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти .

Е.g. This old bracelet was found in Africa.

This old bracelet can’t have been found in Africa.

1. This car was bought several years ago. 2. These photographs were taken in the north. 3. This text was translated last Wednesday. 4. James was given an excellent mark in history. 5. Ann was given аn excellent mark for her geometry test. 6. This house was built at the beginning of this century. 7. This tower was built in the 9th century. 8. This book was written by а very good writer. 9. This film was made by а very good director. 10. This play was written by а very clever playwright. 11. This film has been shot in а fortnight. 12. This book was translated into Russian in the 19th century. 13. This castle was built in the 15th century. 14. This picture was painted by an Italian artist. 15. This computer was built ten years ago.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол can’t .

Е.g. I don’t believe he is at home now.

Не can’t be at home now.

1. I don’t believe that you are serious. 2. It is impossible that she is а traitor. 3. I can’t believe that he has made such an important discovery. 4. I can’t believe that the teacher has forgotten to correct our homework. 5. I don’t believe the work is too difficult for my friend. 6. I don’t believe Jane made such а mistake. 7. It is impossible that the cat ate all the fish. 8. I don’t believe that our papers were so poor. 9. It is impossible that you believed such а silly lie. 10. It is impossible that he has stolen the money. 11. I don’t believe that they have heard the story before. 12. I don’t think that she is good at physics.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол can’t.

1. Не может быть, что они сейчас дома. 2. Не может быть, что он так много знает. 3. Не может быть, что они сейчас играют во дворе. Уже поздно. 4. Не может быть, что она еще спит. Уже десять часов. 5. Не может быть, что он опоздал на поезд. 6. Не может быть, что она обманула его. 7. Не может быть, что вы сделали такую ошибку. 8. Не может быть, что она провалилась на экзамене. 9. Не может быть, что она предала меня. 10. Не может быть, чтобы он бросил курить. 11. Не может быть, что он сделал это. 12. Не может быть, что он стал доктором. 13. Не может быть, чтобы он перевел эту книгу.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол cаn.

1. Неужели он хороший бегун? Он такой маленький. 2. Не может быть, что она уже окончила школу. 3. Не может быть, что он ученый. 4. Не может быть, что он был ученым. 5. Неужели она еще спит? 6. Неужели они проиграли? 7. Не мог он этого сказать! 8. Не может взрослый человек любить такие книги! 9. Не может быть, что она вам это рассказала. 10. Неужели было так холодно? 11. Не может быть, что она опоздала на урок: она никогда не опаздывала. 12. Не может быть, что она перепутала улицы. 13. Не может быть, чтобы это была правда. 14. Неужели ты разорвал мою записку? 15. Не может быть, чтобы он был в парке сейчас. Уже поздно. 16. Не может быть, что она это написала. Я уверен, что это написал кто-то другой.

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Переходные и непереходные глаголы. Возвратные глаголы. Наклонения глагола. Условное наклонение глагола.

5 интересных заданий на модальные глаголы (modals of deduction)

Модальные глаголы в функции предположения не всегда с легкостью даются студентам, особенно перфектная форма. Как же помочь студенту в интересной форме закрепить непростую грамматическую структуру?

Guess the celebrity: Modals of deduction (present)

Уровни – pre-intermediate — intermediate

Прекрасно подойдет подрастающему поколению и людям, активно интересующимся музыкой, кино и жизнью звёзд. Преподаватель подбирает 5-15 фото знаменитостей, но не слишком известных или фотографии, где они не очень похожи на себя — нечеткие, где есть резкая смена имиджа, чтобы было не так легко догадаться, кто это.
Преподаватель показывает фотографию, а задача студента – выразить свои предположения, используя структуры:
It/he/she must/ might/could/ can’t be Justin Bieber.

В зависимости от интересов студента, тематику можно менять, например, звёзды спорта, столицы мира, достопримечательности, марки машин, картины известных художников, предметы. В учебнике Speak out дается такой пример
В качестве альтернативы можно выбрать несколько картинок и ключевой элемент на них закрыть квадратом. Например, как на этой картинке.

Задача студента – догадаться какой продукт рекламируется: It must/ might/can’t be an advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ for… Затем после того как вы получили достаточное количество догадок, демонстрируем ему оригинал.

Guess what they are doing: Modals of deduction (continuous)

Уровни – intermediate

Для закрепления формы Continuous прекрасно подходят известные фотографии, где происходят какие то действия легко описать.
Например, картины Edward Hopper или Steve McCurry.
Преподаватель демонстрирует фотографию и задаёт наводящие вопросы, на которые студент отвечает, используя must/might/can’t be doing.

Example:
Who do you see in the pictures? A barman, a couple and a male visitor.
What are people doing? A man might be reading a newspaper, a couple must be talking.
What are their relationships? They can’t be husband and wife, they might be lovers because…
What are they talking about? They could be talking about going away.

The next morning: Modals of deduction (past)

Уровни – upper-intermediate-advanced

Задание для студента:
Imagine that you have woken up on a Sunday morning with a terrible headache. You can’t remember anything from the night before, but you discover some clues. Speculate about what happened

There’s a strange telephone number with the letters CS in your pocket.
There’s a half-eaten hamburger in the kitchen, but you’re a vegetarian.
You’ve got a graze on your forehead.
The front door is wide open.
Your photo is on the front page of the morning paper.

Если задание кажется слишком личным, то можно его заменить предложениями или картинками, описывающими других людей. Например,
Katie’s ankle is twisted.
Kevin has woken up in the place he has never been before и так далее.

Tough Luck: Modals of deduction (past)

Уровни – upper-intermediate-advanced

Отличие от предыдущего задания в том, что дается начальная и конечная ситуация. Предложения составляются в зависимости от лексического наполнения урока.

John was the most experienced candidate ? He was turned down for the job.
Possible answer:
The employer might have changed his mind.

Готовые предложения можно взять в книге Maria Lucia Zaorob “Games for grammar practice”

Videos: Modals of deduction (past)

Уровни – upper-intermediate-advanced
Преподавателю необходимо найти небольшой ролик или фрагмент фильма. Студент должен посмотреть его и предположить, что произошло с героями.
Например, видео с готовыми разработками и ответами. Раз и два
Или можно вырезать кусок из трейлера или короткого анимационного фильма, показать студенту, попросить его догадаться что произошло:

Why was she so slim and now she is fat? What has happened?
She might have eaten a lot.
She can’t have gained weight so quickly.

Ответ:

1. You can go to the party. [can — can’t; перед модальными глаголами не ставится вспомогательный глагол]

2. He must take his dog for a walk. [В конце модальных глаголов s не ставится, даже с местоимением 3-го лица]

3. I can help you. [После модальных глаголов глагол ставится без частицы to]

4. He mustn’t be late. [must — mustn’t]

5. Can his brother speak French? [В вопросительном предложении с модальным глаголом ставится основной глагол без s в конце]

6. Paul must go there. [После модальных глаголов глагол ставится без частицы to]

7. You mustn’t smoke here. [must — mustn’t; перед модальными глаголами не ставится вспомогательный глагол]

Другие языки

Светило науки — 3191 ответ — 59834 помощи

1.You will go there tomorrow, won’t you ?
2.He can not help you, can he ?
3.It often rains in October, doesn’t it ?
4.It is raining, isn’t it ?
5.The weather is fine, isn’t it ?
6.It never snows in September, does it ?
7.There is a lot of snow there, isn’t there?
8.There is not much snow, is there? 9.The snowmen are funny, aren’t they?
10.There are three big snowmen in the park, aren’t there?

Модальные глаголы — это глаголы, которые не используются самостоятельно; они выражают отношение говорящего к какому-либо действию или состоянию. Говорящий может оценивать действие как возможное, необходимое, разрешенное, запрещенное, приказываемое и т.п. Модальные глаголы часто используются в английском языке для выражения обязательства, долга, необходимости, разрешения, запрета, возможности, способности/неспособности, для выражения критического замечания, предложения или для того, чтобы дать совет.

К модальным глаголам относятся can/could (уметь, быть в состоянии/мог, умел), may/might (может/мог (используется для выражения вероятности или разрешения)), must/have to (должен («категоричный» глагол)/должен в связи с какими-то обстоятельствами), ought to (следует, нужно), shall/should (для предложения совместного действия, предложение услуги,совет), will/would (намерения, желания, обещания). Could, would, might — это формы глаголов в прошлом времени.

Насколько хорошо Вы знакомы с английскими модальными глаголами, проверим на упражнениях.

Содержание

• 1 Exercise 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
• 2 Exercise 2. Дополните предложения глаголами в скобках.
• 3 Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.
• 4 Exercise 4. Дополните предложения, используя модальные глаголы и слова в скобках (как в примере).
• 5 Exercise 5. Напишите вопросы к выделенным словам.
• 6 Exercise 6. Дополните шутки глаголами can или can’t.
• 7 Exercise 7. Дополните предложения must или have to.
• 8 Exercise 8. Дополните предложения глаголом have to в правильной форме (утвердительной, отрицательной или вопросительной) и времени (настоящее, прошедшее или будущее).
• 9 Exercise 9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
• 10 Exercise 10. Перепишите предложения, используя may/might, must, can’t, could как в примере.
• 11 Exercise 11. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
• 12 Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык.
• 13 Exercise 13. Переведите на английский язык.

Exercise 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. You can/could buy the present yesterday.
2. 2. I think we could/will be able to buy the tickets beforehand.
3. Eddy must/had to return me this book yesterday.
4. The students must/mustn’t make a noise in the classroom.
5. The children may/will be allowed to play in the park today.
6. My mother may not/won’t allow me to take her camera.
7. Your cousin can/may play guitar very well.
8. All the students had to/will have to pass the exams at the end of the year.
9. Last year Ben could/couldn’t speak English, but now he can/can’t speak English rather well.
10. I think they can/will be able to take part in this festival next year.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able to 3. had to 4. mustn’t 5. may 6. won’t allow 7. can 8. will have to 9. couldn’t, can 10. will be able to.

Exercise 2. Дополните предложения глаголами в скобках.

1. Jane…play the violin a year ago, but now she … play well. She…play at the concert in two month. (can, could, be able to)
2. You … watch this film yesterday. I…you to go for a walk when you finish your homework. Your friend…visit you today. (may, might, will allow)
3. Oscar…take an aspirin an hour ago. He…go to bed right now. He…visit the doctor in three days. (must, had to, will have to)
4. My friend…speak French very well. He…speak French when he was twelve. I think he…go to university in France in his future. (can, could, will be able to)
5. We…clean the flat now. We…clean the flat yesterday, but we had a lot of homework to do. We…go shopping tomorrow evening. (had to, must, will be able to)
6. Tony and Den…go to the cinema yesterday. If they have already had dinner, they…play computer games. Their parents…the boys to go to the river next Saturday. (may, might, will allow)

Answers: 1. could, can, will be able to 2. might, will allow, may 3. had to, must, will have to 4. can, could, will be able to 5. must, had to, will be able to 6. might, may, will allow.

Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.

1. Henry can play volleyball very well.
2. We could help you with house chores yesterday.
3. Dolly must look after her little cousin.
4. They may go fishing with Bob.
5. Alex could return me this disc yesterday.
6. He may give you sweets after dinner.
7. Mary must translate this text.
8. I can make a cup of tea for them.
9. You must take care of your sister.
10. The doctor can examine you.
11. Nick could ski last winter.

Answers: 1. Henry can’t play volleyball very well. Can Henry play volleyball very well? 2. We couldn’t help you with house chores yesterday. Could we help you with house chores yesterday? 3. Dolly mustn’t look after her little cousin. Must Dolly look after her little cousin? 4. They may not go fishing with Bob. May they go fishing with Bob? 5. Alex couldn’t return me this disc yesterday. Could Alex return me this disc yesterday? 6. He may not give you sweets after dinner. May he give you sweets after dinner? 7. Mary mustn’t translate this text. Must Mary translate this text? 8. I can’t make a cup of tea for them. Can I make a cup of tea for them? 9. You mustn’t take care of your sister. Must you take care of your sister? 10. The doctor can’t examine you. Can the doctor examine you? 11. Nick couldn’t ski last winter. Could Nick ski last winter?

Exercise 4. Дополните предложения, используя модальные глаголы и слова в скобках (как в примере).

Ron can play football but (to play basketball —) — Ron can play football but he can’t play basketball.

Sue must learn the poem but (to write an essay ?) — Sue must learn the poem but must she write an essay?

1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but (to ride fast -).
2. Amy could skate last year but (to ski ?).
3. You may watch the cartoon but (to watch the film -).
4. I must paint the roof but (to paint the fence ?).
5. Eric can read in French but (to speak French ?).
6. Children must eat fruit but (to eat many sweets -).
7. At the age of two Betty could walk but (to speak -).
8. You may take my car but (drive without a licence -).

Answers: 1. Jack and Paul may ride bikes but they may not ride fast. 2. …could she ski? 3. …you may not watch the film. 4. must I paint the fence? 5. …can he speak French? 6. … they mustn’t eat many sweets. 7. … she couldn’t speak. 8. … you may not drive without a licence.

Exercise 5. Напишите вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The boys can swim in the lake in summer.
2. We must buy a present for our mother.
3. Pam may listen to music in her room.
4. They could ski in the mountains in winter.

Answers: 1. Who can swim in the lake in summer? What can the boys do in summer? Where can the boys swim in summer? When can the boys swim in the lake? 2. Who must buy a present for our mother? What must we do for our mother? What must we buy for our mother? Whom must we buy a present for? 3. Who may listen to music in her room? What may Pam do in her room? What may Pam listen to in her room? In whose room may Pam listen to music? Where may Pam listen to music? 4. Who could ski in the mountains in winter?  What could they do in winter? Where could they ski in winter? When could they ski in the mountains?

Exercise 6. Дополните шутки глаголами can или can’t.

1.B:  …a kangaroo jump higher than the Eiffel Tower?

А: Yes, because the Eiffel Tower … jump!

2. А: Meet my newborn brother.

B: I don’t know. I … understand a wprd he says.

3. Teacher: How … we get some clean water?

Student: Bring the water from the river and wash it.

Answers: 1. can, can’t 2. can’t 3. can.

Exercise 7. Дополните предложения must или have to.

1. I am very tired. I … go to bed earlier today.
2. My parents think I … go to bed early to have a good sleep.
3. I … buy bread. My mother asked me about it.
4. I have got a terrible headache. I … take an aspirin.
5. My teacher says I … pay more attention to my pronunciation.
6. We have nothing to eat. We … go shopping.
7. Paul’s coach says he … exercise more to get good results at the competition.
8. Vicky’s room is in mess. She … tidy it.
9. The weather is so wonderful today! We … go out for a picnic.
10. Jane’s boss thinks she … speak to the clients more politely.

Answers: 1. must 2. have to 3. have to 4. must 5. have to 6. must 7. has to 8. must 9. must 10. has to.

Exercise 8. Дополните предложения глаголом have to в правильной форме (утвердительной, отрицательной или вопросительной) и времени (настоящее, прошедшее или будущее).

1. Sam has got a toothache so he … visit his dentist today.
2. … we … prepare all the documents yesterday? — No, you … .
3. It is my day off tomorrow so I … go to the office.
4. It was raining yesterday so Frank … take his umbrella.
5. Sally has recovered so now she … stay in bed any more.
6. Sheila and Marion can’t come to our party because they … study for the test tonight.
7. … you … type all these letters today? — Yes, I … .
8. My aunt arrives tomorrow so I … meet her at the railay station.
9. It was very warm yesterday and Jessie … put on her warm sweater.
10. … Clara … fill in this report right now? — No, she… .
11. Let’s go shopping now so that we … do it tomorrow.
12. … Mike … book a hotel room yesterday? — Yes, he… .

Answers: 1. has to 2. Did we have to, didn’t 3. won’t have to 4. had to 5. doesn’t have to 6. can’t, have to 7. have to, do. 8. will have to 9. didn’t have to

10. Does Clara have to, doesn’t 11. won’t have to 12. Did Mike have to, did.

Exercise 9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. My little brother can/could count when he was six.
2. I will be able to/was able to send the invitations tomorrow.
3. We can/could order a taxi right now.
4. She won’t be able to/wasn’t able to understand the rule because she had a headache.
5. Alan could/was able to win the competition because his leg didn’t hurt.
6. I’m afraid Sue can’t/won’t be able to take you to the exhibition because she’ll be very busy next Friday.
7. It eas snowing hard and we can’t/weren’t able to drive fast.
8. Olga can’t/couldn’t say a word in English two years ago but now she can/could speak English fluently.

Answers: 1. could 2. will be able 3. can 4. wasn’t able to 5. was able to 6. won’t be able to 7. weren’t able to 8. couldn’t, can.

Exercise 10. Перепишите предложения, используя may/might, must, can’t, could как в примере.

I don’t think this film is interesting.

This film  can’t be interesting.

1. She usually phones me. I think she will phone me today.
2. I don’t know if we meet our cousins.
3. I hope your little brother is near the sandpit.
4. I don’t think the plane arrives on time in such bad weather.
5. I’m not sure if our teacher is still at school.
6. Perhaps your parents will give you some good advice.
7. It’s quite possible that Nick will buy the cake.
8. It’s certain that they are of the same age.
9. I don’t think that the situation is so bad.

Answers: 1. He must phone me today. 2. We may/might meet our cousins. 3. Your little brother could be near the sandpit. 4. The plane can’t arrive on time in such bad weather. 5. Our teacher can’t still be at school.  6. Your parents could/may/might give you some good advice. 7. Nick may/might buy the cake. 8. They must be of the same age. 9. The situation can’t be so bad.

Exercise 11. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Can/could you buy a newspaper for me, please?
2. I shall/will give you my umbrella if you don’t mind.
3. Would/could you like a ham sandwich?
4. Can/could you phone me in the evening?
5. Shall/will we go to the concert tonight?
6. Can/would you like to try this jumper on?
7. Wait a minute! I shall/will write you my address.
8. Shall/will we have lunch in a cafe?
9. Shall/will you leave a message for me?
10. Can/could he show me the cheque?

Answers: 1. could 2. will 3. would 4. can 5. shall 6. would 7. will 8. shall 9. will 10. can.

Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Наши соседи должны быть сейчас на работе.
2. Мы опаздываем. Наш учитель может рассердиться.
3. Это не может быть ее номер телефона. Она недавно сменила номер.
4. Мой брат может забыть о встрече.
5. Ты можешь думать, что этот вопрос не такой уж и важный.
6. Она не может быть удивленной. Она знала об этом и раньше.
7. Твои одноклассники могут иметь и другие задания.
8. Этот журнал должен быть у твоего брата. Я давал его ему неделю назад.
9. Эти девушки могут быть сестрами.
10. Я думаю, может пойти дождь.

Answers: 1. Our neighbours must be at work now. 2. We are late. Our teacher may get angry. 3. This can’t be her phone number. She has recently changed her number. 4. My brother may/might forget about the meeting. 5. You may/might think that this question isn’t so important. 6. She can’t be surprised. She knew about it beforehand. 7. Your classmates could have other tasks. 8. Your brother must have this magazine. I gave it to him a week ago. 9. These girls may/might be sisters. I think it may/might rain.

Exercise 13. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Ты можешь пользоваться компьютером, если у тебя есть работа.
2. Ты не можешь смотреть телевизор. Ты еще не сделал уроки.
3. Ученикам не позволяется пользоваться калькулятором на уроках математики.
4. Можно мне взять ваш чемодан?
5. Можно мне одолжить вашу машину, пожалуйста?
6. Он не может оставаться с нами.
7. Здесь не позволяется оставлять машину.
8. Он может присоединиться к нам, если хочет.
9. Можно мне посмотреть на ваши расчеты, пожалуйста? — Да, конечно.
10. Можно мне яблоко? — Сначала тебе следует помыть руки, а потом ты можешь взять яблоко.

Answers: 1. You may use the computer if you have any work. 2. You can’t watch TV. You haven’t done the homework yet. 3. Students can’t use calculators at the Math lessons. 4. Can I take your suitcase? 5. Could I borrow your car, please? 6. He can’t stand with us. 7. You mustn’t leave a car here. 8. He may join us if he wants. 9. Could/Might I look at yourcalculations, please? — Of course, you can. 10. Can I have an apple? — First you should wash your hands and then you can have an apple.

WELL DONE!

Литература:

1. Павличенко О.М. Английский язык. Грамматический практикум. II уровень. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — X.: Ранок, 2012. — 304 с.

Модальные глаголы в английском языке (Modal verbs)

Модальные глаголы в английском языке. Упражнения для продолжающих